{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:54:42Z","timestamp":1790362482525,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) such as enzalutamide (Enz) and apalutamide (Apa), in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), are standard for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). However, direct real-world comparisons, particularly in Japanese populations, are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed 227 mHSPC patients treated with Enz (n\u00a0=\u00a0112) or Apa (n\u00a0=\u00a0115) plus ADT. Propensity score matching (PSM) adjusted for baseline differences. Primary endpoints were prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, time to castration resistance (TTCR), and overall survival (OS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the matched cohort after PSM, PSA nadir &amp;lt;0.2\u00a0ng\/ml was achieved in 63.1% of Enz-treated and 60.3% of Apa-treated patients; \u226590% PSA decline occurred 94.5% and 92.0%, respectively. TTCR and OS were similar between groups (TTCR: P\u00a0=\u00a0.415; OS: P\u00a0=\u00a0.202). Time to treatment failure (TTF) was significantly shorter with Apa than with Enz (P\u00a0=\u00a0.0016). Reduced-dose initiation was more frequent with Apa (22.1% vs 9.8%, P\u00a0=\u00a0.0118), and TTCR did not differ across subgroups stratified by treatment and starting dose (P\u00a0=\u00a0.8465). Adverse events (AEs) leading to treatment discontinuation were more frequent in the Apa group than in the Enz group (20.9% vs 4.5%). Second-line therapy use after treatment failure was similar (86.4% Enz vs 90.2% Apa), with abiraterone being the most common.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this real-world Japanese cohort, Enz and Apa plus ADT showed comparable PSA responses, TTCR, and OS after PSM; however, Apa was associated with shorter TTF and more frequent AE-related treatment discontinuation. Reduced-dose initiation was more common with Apa without apparent TTCR disadvantage. Given the limited number of events, these findings should be interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyag042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:41:29Z","timestamp":1772109689000},"page":"765-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Real-world comparison of enzalutamide and apalutamide in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a multi-institutional propensity score-matched analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Hirosuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heima","family":"Niigawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kawasaki Medical School , 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama 701-0192 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Kakumae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kawasaki Medical School , 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama 701-0192 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Morinaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kawasaki Medical School , 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama 701-0192 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Fukuokaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine , 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuhiko","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Fujita-Health University School of Medicine , 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake City, Nagoya, Aichi 470-1192 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Saruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Fujita-Health University School of Medicine , 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake City, Nagoya, Aichi 470-1192 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saizo","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine , 377-2, Oono-higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589-8511 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine , 377-2, Oono-higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589-8511 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritoshi","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5200-9053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taizo","family":"Uchimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoichi","family":"Maenosono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Tsujino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686 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University School of Medicine , 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Iwatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine , 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2599-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Urabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine , 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichiro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine , 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461 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Aichi 470-1192 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Inamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine , 377-2, Oono-higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589-8511 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhito","family":"Azuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686 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