{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T18:23:55Z","timestamp":1787423035238,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The phase 3 THOR trial (cohort 1) showed improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with erdafitinib versus chemotherapy in FGFR2\/3-altered advanced urothelial carcinoma after prior programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) \/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor therapy. When the assumption of proportional hazards (PH) is violated, a single hazard ratio (HR) may be difficult to interpret.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We derived reconstructed individual patient data (rIPD) for OS and PFS from published Kaplan\u2013Meier curves. PH was assessed using scaled Schoenfeld residuals and log\u2013log plots. We fit Bayesian piecewise-exponential models with administrative censoring at \u03c4\u00a0=\u00a024\u00a0months (OS; cut-point 12\u00a0months) and \u03c4\u00a0=\u00a012\u00a0months (PFS; cut-point 6\u00a0months). We reported interval-specific HRs, landmark survival differences (\u0394OS, \u0394PFS), number needed to treat (NNT), restricted-mean survival time (RMST), and posterior probabilities for clinically meaningful thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Statistical diagnostics indicated that the PH assumption was violated for both OS and PFS. For OS, HR was 0.59 (95% credible interval 0.41\u20130.84) in months 0\u201312 and 1.06 (0.48\u20132.48) in months 12\u201324. At 12\u00a0months, \u0394OS(12)\u00a0=\u00a00.18 (0.06\u20130.30); conditional median NNT was 5.45. \u0394RMST (0\u201324)\u00a0=\u00a03.02\u00a0months (0.74\u20135.23), with P(\u0394RMST &amp;gt;0)\u00a0=\u00a099.5%. For PFS, the HR was 0.64 (0.45\u20130.89) in months 0\u20136 and 0.49 (0.25\u20131.00) in months 6\u201312; \u0394PFS (6) = 0.16 (0.04\u20130.28) and \u0394RMST (0\u201312)\u00a0=\u00a01.74\u00a0months (0.69\u20132.76).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This Bayesian rIPD-based reanalysis provides PH-robust estimands, indicating early OS benefit with uncertain later effects, and favorable PFS over 0\u201312\u00a0months with erdafitinib.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyag133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T11:22:44Z","timestamp":1785756164000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Bayesian reanalysis of the THOR trial cohort 1 using reconstructed individual patient data: interval-specific effects and clinically interpretable estimands under non-proportional hazards"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5419-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaku","family":"Okumura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8577 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8577 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2300-8446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shugo","family":"Yajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8577 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Urology, Zigong Fourth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , No. 19 Tanmulin Street, Ziliujing District, Zigong, Sichuan 643000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9454-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohiro","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-0352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Arita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7548-1580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 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Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082213443890300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312117","article-title":"Enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab in untreated advanced urothelial cancer","volume":"390","author":"Powles","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082213443890300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2024.05.011","article-title":"Therapies after progression on enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab: navigating second-line options for metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the new treatment landscape","volume":"10","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol 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