{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:19:53Z","timestamp":1788286793136,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19H01076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H01076"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["21K17288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K17288"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22K10590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K10590"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["25K13593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K13593"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["25K13577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K13577"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"MHLW","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23EA1005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23EA1005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20ck0106408h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20ck0106408h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effectiveness of low-dose thoracic computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer for non-smokers or light smokers has been unclear. The results of the Hitachi cohort study performed by the conventional multivariable analysis suggested the reduction of lung cancer mortality by thoracic CT screening, but also revealed the lower all-cause mortality in the CT group, which indicated the existence of self-selection bias. Because the background of the subjects in the CT screening group and that in the X-ray screening group were very different, it is critical to adjust appropriately the confounding factors. In this brief report, we describe a re-evaluation of the results of the Hitachi Cohort Study performed by using more flexible methods, propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyag138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T11:16:37Z","timestamp":1786101397000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A reanalysis of the Hitachi cohort study evaluating the effectiveness of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9497-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Fukui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Societal Safety Sciences, Kansai University , Ibaraki, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nawa Clinic , Hitachi, Takatsuki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomio","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center Japan , Chuo-ku, Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3160-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoyasu","family":"Sagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , Sendai, Miyagi ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090114101939300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyy185","article-title":"A population-based cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of lung cancer screening using low-dose CT in Hitachi City Japan","volume":"49","author":"Nawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026090114101939300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2026090114101939300_ref3","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026090114101939300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.12.10","article-title":"Balance diagnostics after propensity score matching","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2026090114101939300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00338-7","article-title":"Low-dose CT screening among never-smokers with or without a family history of lung cancer in Taiwan: a prospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026090114101939300_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2454057","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.54057","article-title":"Gender disparities and lung cancer screening outcomes among individuals who have never smoked","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026090114101939300_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2622042","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.22042","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of universal low-dose computed tomographic lung cancer screening in Singapore","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jjco\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyag138\/70895321\/hyag138.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jjco\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyag138\/70895321\/hyag138.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:10:26Z","timestamp":1788286226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jjco\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyag138\/8778675"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":7,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyag138","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-3621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-3621","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"article-number":"hyag138"}}