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In this study, we investigated whether Gal-4 influences the function of M1 and M2 macrophages. Gal-4 treatment drove more robust changes in the gene expression of M2 macrophages compared to M1 macrophages. Antiviral immune response\u2013related genes were significantly upregulated in Gal-4\u2013treated M2 macrophages. Gal-4 significantly enhanced the immunostimulatory activity of M2 macrophages upon Toll-like receptor 7 stimulation or infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Moreover, the antibody production against LCMV infection and the antiviral CD4+ T-cell responses, but not the antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses, were greatly increased by Gal-4\u2013treated M2 macrophages in vivo. The present results indicate that Gal-4 enhances the ability of M2 macrophages to promote antiviral CD4+ T-cell responses. Thus, Gal-4 could be used to boost antiviral immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiac008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T09:24:19Z","timestamp":1673342659000},"page":"71-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Galectin-4 increases the ability of M2 macrophages to enhance antiviral CD4+ T-cell responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"In-Gu","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Hyun","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoyeon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raehyuk","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eui Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea , 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488 , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunwoo","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong-il","family":"Eyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeongkyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Jin","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So-Hee","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University , 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804 , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2023011009061979300_qiac008-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198803243181205","article-title":"Current concepts: immunology. 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