{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1789036604088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Agents that induce inflammation have been used since the 18th century for the treatment of cancer. The inflammation induced by agents such as Toll-like receptor agonists is thought to stimulate tumor-specific immunity in patients and augment control of tumor burden. While NOD-scid IL2r\u03b3null mice lack murine adaptive immunity (T cells and B cells), these mice maintain a residual murine innate immune system that responds to Toll-like receptor agonists. Here we describe a novel NOD-scid IL2r\u03b3null mouse lacking murine TLR4 that fails to respond to lipopolysaccharide. NSG-Tlr4null mice support human immune system engraftment and enable the study of human-specific responses to TLR4 agonists in the absence of the confounding effects of a murine response. Our data demonstrate that specific stimulation of TLR4 activates human innate immune systems and delays the growth kinetics of a human patient-derived xenograft melanoma tumor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiac020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T14:18:30Z","timestamp":1673360310000},"page":"418-433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["NOD-<i>scid IL2r\u03b3null<\/i> mice lacking TLR4 support human immune system development and the study of human-specific innate immunity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Ken-Edwin","family":"Aryee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School , 368 Plantation Street, AS7-2053, Worcester, MA 01605 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard D","family":"Shultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jackson Laboratory , 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M","family":"Burzenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jackson Laboratory , 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale L","family":"Greiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School , 368 Plantation Street, AS7-2053, Worcester, MA 01605 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6813-3262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A","family":"Brehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan 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