{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:25:18Z","timestamp":1787009118644,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021J01766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J01766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023J01644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J01644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study tested the hypothesis that recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) via interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 to improve the prognosis of secondary infection in sepsis. The latter stage of sepsis is prone to induce immunosuppression, resulting in secondary fatal infections. Recombinant GM-CSF has become a way for sepsis-induced immunosuppression due to its immunomodulatory effect. However, the functional impact of GM-CSF on PMNs in sepsis remains obscure. This study aimed to study the role of recombinant GM-CSF on the bactericidal ability of PMNs in septic mice, assessing its effect on the prognosis of secondary pneumonia, and explore the mechanism of recombinant GM-CSF by intervening PMNs in patients with sepsis. The C57BL\/6J sepsis mouse model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Recombinant murine GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) was used in vivo when mice developed immunosuppression, which was characterized by abnormal bactericidal function of PMNs in peripheral blood. rmGM-CSF improved the prognosis of secondary pneumonia and reversed the function of PMNs. PMNs isolated by Percoll from septic patients were treated by recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) in vitro. The expression of CD11b, reactive oxygen species, phagocytosis, and neutrophil extracellular trap release in PMNs were enhanced by rhGM-CSF treatments. Whole-transcriptomic sequencing of mouse PMNs indicated that recombinant GM-CSF increased the expression of Il1b gene in PMNs. Blocking and inhibiting IL-1\u03b2 release effectively counteracted the enhancing effect of GM-CSF on the bactericidal function of PMNs. rmGM-CSF enhances the bactericidal function of PMNs in vivo and improves the prognosis of secondary pneumonia in septic mice, and recombinant GM-CSF increases IL-1\u03b2 precursor reserves, which, if stimulated, can rapidly enhance the bactericidal capacity of PMNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiad088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T17:58:53Z","timestamp":1690307933000},"page":"443-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Recombinant GM-CSF enhances the bactericidal ability of PMNs by increasing intracellular IL-1\u03b2 and improves the prognosis of secondary\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    pneumonia in sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5933-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuquan","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhua","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinggang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuechun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luya","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian , China"},{"name":"Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical 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