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The mortality rate of severe influenza patients is often associated with hyperactive immunological abnormalities characterized by hypercytokinemia. Due to the continuous mutations and the occurrence of drug-resistant influenza virus strains, the development of host-directed immunoregulatory drugs is urgently required. Platycodon grandiflorum is among the top 10 herbs of traditional Chinese medicine used to treat pulmonary diseases. As one of the major terpenoid saponins extracted from P. grandiflorum, Platycodin D (PD) has been reported to play several roles, including anti-inflammation, analgesia, anticancer, hepatoprotection, and immunoregulation. However, the therapeutic roles of PD to treat influenza virus infection remain unknown. Here, we show that PD can protect the body weight loss in severely infected influenza mice, alleviate lung damage, and thus improve the survival rate. More specifically, PD protects flu mice via decreasing the immune cell infiltration into lungs and downregulating the overactivated inflammatory response. Western blot and immunofluorescence assays exhibited that PD could inhibit the activation of TAK1\/IKK\/NF-\u03baB and MAPK pathways. Besides that, cellular thermal shift assay, surface plasmon resonance, and immunoprecipitation assays indicated that PD binds with TRAF6 to decrease its K63 ubiquitination after R837 stimulation. Additionally, small interfering RNA interference experiments exhibited that PD could inhibit the secretion of interleukin-1\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 in TRAF6-dependent manner. Altogether, our results suggested that PD is a promising drug candidate for treating influenza. Our study also offered a scientific explanation for the commonly used P. grandiflorum in many antiepidemic classic formulas. Due to its host-directed regulatory role, PD may serve as an adjuvant therapeutic drug in conjunction with other antiviral drugs to treat the flu.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T22:48:47Z","timestamp":1711147727000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Platycodin D facilitates antiviral immunity through inhibiting cytokine storm via targeting K63-linked TRAF6 ubiquitination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1200 Cai Lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, P.R. \u00a0","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of 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Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 201203, P.R. \u00a0","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenchen","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1200 Cai Lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, P.R. \u00a0","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1200 Cai Lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, P.R. \u00a0","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional 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