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It is imperative to elucidate the immunophenotypic panorama and the interactions among these cells in patients. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from healthy donors and sHLH patients and tested using multicolor flow cytometry. We used FlowSOM to explore and visualize the immunophenotypic characteristics of sHLH. By demonstrating the phenotypes of immune cells, we discovered that sHLH patients had significantly higher levels of CD56+ monocytes, higher levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, low-density neutrophil-to-T cell ratio, and higher heterogeneous T cell activation than healthy donors. However, natural killer cell cytotoxicity and function were impaired. We then assessed the correlations among 30 immune cell types and evaluated metabolic analysis. Our findings demonstrated polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD56+ monocytes, and neutrophil-to-T cell ratio were elevated abnormally in sHLH patients, which may indicate an association with immune overactivation and inflammatory response. We are expected to confirm that they are involved in the occurrence of the disease through further in-depth research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T06:45:31Z","timestamp":1720421131000},"page":"1109-1126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Yinchun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital , No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haimei","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , No. 628, Zhenyuan Road, Xinhuling Street, Shenzhen 518118 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital , No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaotao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , No. 16 Airport Road, Guangzhou 510400 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital , No. 10 Huan Yu Second Road, Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songqing","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changan Hospital of Dongguan , No. 171 Changqing South Road, Dongguan 523850 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjian","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital , No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital , No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4794-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital , No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for 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