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Activation of innate cell surface receptors called pattern recognition receptors by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands is one promising approach that can help to control infections as described for listeriosis and cryptosporidiosis. In this study, the effect of TLR2\/TLR1 and TLR2\/TLR6 agonists was compared when injected into neonatal mice. Surprisingly, the stimulation of TLR2\/TLR6 led to the death of the neonatal mice, which was not observed in adult mice. The TLR2\/TLR6 agonist administration induced higher systemic and intestinal inflammation in both adult and neonatal mice when compared with TLR2\/TLR1 agonist. The mortality of neonatal mice was interferon \u03b3 dependent and involved the intestinal production of interleukin-22 and interleukin-17A. This study clearly demonstrates that targeting TLRs as new control strategy of neonatal infections has to be used with caution. Depending on its heterodimeric form, TLR2 stimulation can induce more or less severe adverse effects relying on the age-related immune functions of the host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T14:24:48Z","timestamp":1718375088000},"page":"1142-1156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Deleterious intestinal inflammation in neonatal mice treated with TLR2\/TLR6 agonists"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"M\u00e9gane","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectiologie et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Institut National de Recherche pour l\u2019Agriculture, l\u2019Alimentation et l\u2019Environnement , F-37380 Nouzilly ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Pezier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectiologie et Sant\u00e9 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