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However, the underlying mechanism of immunomodulatory effects remains challenging, given the complicate composition of herbal medicines. Here, we developed an immunological approach to interrogate the T helper cell response. Through data mining, we hypothesized that Chinese medicine formula Yu-Ping-Feng might be a promising candidate for treating primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome, a common autoimmune disease manifested by exocrine gland dysfunction. We took advantage of a mouse model of experimental Sj\u00f6gren syndrome that we previously established for Yu-Ping-Feng formula treatment. Yu-Ping-Feng therapy ameliorated the experimental Sj\u00f6gren syndrome pathology in mice with active disease, showing improved salivary function and decreased serum levels of autoantibodies. Phenotypic analysis suggested that both effector T and B cells were significantly suppressed. Using coculture assay and adoptive transfer models, we demonstrated that Yu-Ping-Feng formula directly restrained effector\/memory T-cell expansion and differentiation into Th17 and T follicular helper cells, the key subsets in experimental Sj\u00f6gren syndrome pathogenesis. Importantly, we recruited 20 patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome and conducted a pilot study of 8-wk therapy of Yu-Ping-Feng formula. Yu-Ping-Feng treatment effectively improved fatigue symptoms and exocrine gland functions, as well as reduced serum IgG\/IgA levels, while effector T- and B-cell subsets were significantly decreased. There was a trend of reduction on disease activity, but not statistically significant. Together, our findings suggest a novel approach to assess the immunomodulatory effects of Yu-Ping-Feng formula, which may be favorable for patients with autoimmune disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T15:55:01Z","timestamp":1719849301000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immunomodulatory effects of Yu-Ping-Feng formula on primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome: interrogating the T-cell response"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Sulan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hon Kong SAR 999077 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijng 100053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijng 100053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hon Kong SAR 999077 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danbao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hon Kong SAR 999077 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hon Kong SAR 999077 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH) , Shenzhen 518053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1_suppl","key":"2025021510164354700_qiae155-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318801673","article-title":"Primary Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Bowman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"jun14 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