{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T03:34:13Z","timestamp":1767929653448,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["398865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["398865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Maternal immunotolerance during pregnancy is heavily dependent on the critical properties of human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs). Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is one of the most common diseases in women and is caused by feto-maternal immunotolerance disruption. The objective of this study is to investigate how hAEECs affect pNK cells isolated from RSA and healthy women in terms of immunomodulation. Peripheral blood NK cells were isolated from 20 women with RSA and 20 healthy women. Purified NK cells were co-cultured with hAECs, obtained from full-term healthy pregnant women at different cellular ratios. After 24 and 72\u2005h of incubation, the expression of immunomodulatory genes in hAECs, immunophenotype, and cytotoxicity of NK cells, and cytokine production were investigated using real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA techniques, respectively. We observed a significant increase in TGF-\u03b2 and IL-10 production, and CD56bright CD16+ subpopulation in pNK cells, a significant decrease in IFN-\u03b3 production and CD107a and FasL expression on NK cells. Also, NK cells' cytotoxicity against K562 cells was diminished after co-culture with hAECs. The expression of TGF-\u03b2 and HLA-G genes by hAECs was diminished after co-culture with NK cells isolated from women with RSA. Our research indicates that the interaction between NK cells and hAECs influences the phenotype and function of both cells. Also, NK cells belonging to women with RSA and healthy women exhibit different behavior during treatment with hAECs, possibly due to NK cell dysfunction. However, extensive research is required to assess NK cell defects and their mutual interaction with hAECs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiaf020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T08:47:39Z","timestamp":1745570859000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Different behavior of NK cells isolated from healthy women and women with recurrent spontaneous abortion after treatment with human amniotic epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Rezayat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Hezar Jerib Street, Isfahan 8174673461 ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7237-1984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nafiseh","family":"Esmaeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Hezar Jerib Street, Isfahan 8174673461 ,","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Pooya Zist-Mabna Hakim Company, Isfahan Health Center, Aghababaei Highway , Isfahan 8159611119 ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parvaneh","family":"Nikpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Street , Isfahan 8174673461 ,","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Post box 100 405 30, Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Awat","family":"Feizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, 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