{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:08:59Z","timestamp":1791400139765,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"FAPEMIG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RED-00232-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RED-00232-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311251\/2022-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311251\/2022-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions worldwide, with a high prevalence in Latin America, representing a significant public health burden. The transition from the asymptomatic acute phase to the chronic stage, where about 30% of individuals develop cardiomyopathy, poses a scientific challenge. This study explored the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) in the pathogenesis of systolic dysfunction in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC). Through flow cytometry analysis of CD14 + HLA-DR+ cells, after trypomastigote infection assays, we observed higher TLR2 expression and activation in patients with preserved systolic function and systolic dysfunction (SD) compared to those without cardiac abnormalities. Notably, patients with SD exhibited higher percentages of NF-\u03ba\u03b2 + IL-1\u03b2+ cells and of mean fluorescence intensity of IL-1\u03b2 in CD14 + HLA-DR + TLR2 + NF-\u03ba\u03b2+ cells. A significant negative correlation was observed between left ventricular ejection fraction and IL-1\u03b2 expression. These findings suggest that higher TLR2-mediated IL-1\u03b2 production, likely through NF-\u03ba\u03b2 activation, plays a critical role in the development of systolic dysfunction in CCC. This study provides clinical evidence supporting the TLR2-NF-\u03ba\u03b2-IL-1\u03b2 axis as a potential therapeutic target for mitigating cardiac damage in CCC, considering the progression to chronic and symptomatic cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiaf155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T13:14:07Z","timestamp":1762434847000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i>\n                    trypomastigote infection drives TLR2-NF-\u03ba\u03b2-iL-1\u03b2 axis activation associated with systolic dysfunction in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Mariana Costa","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Departamento de Patologia Cl\u00ednica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara Sabrina Teixeira","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria Ravena Severino","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Parasitologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela Donadoni","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus Ribeiro","family":"\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Fr\u00f3is Fernandes","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanny Cristina","family":"de Castro Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia Kelly","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naianda Rezende","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scarleth Silva","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0974-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniella Castanheira","family":"Bartholomeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Parasitologia, Instituto de 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