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Although traditionally viewed as T cell-driven diseases, recent evidence suggests that B lymphocytes may also contribute to disease mechanisms through both antibody-dependent and noncanonical pathways. Beyond their role in autoantibody production, B cells might influence immune regulation by modulating cytokine networks, presenting antigens, and interacting with T cells and stromal elements within inflamed tissues. These findings have prompted renewed interest in understanding B cell heterogeneity and its possible impact on the initiation and maintenance of chronic inflammation in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. However, the exact contribution of these cells to tissue damage and clinical variability remains uncertain. Advances in high-dimensional cytometry, transcriptomics, and tissue profiling are beginning to delineate distinct B cell signatures associated with disease activity, yet the causal links to pathogenesis remain unclear. The observed clinical benefit of B cell-depleting therapies, though variable among patients, reinforces their potential relevance while underscoring the complexity of immune interactions in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on B cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and to discuss how emerging mechanistic insights could refine our understanding of disease heterogeneity and guide future therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiag071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T11:41:11Z","timestamp":1780141271000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The role of B cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7772-1164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal F","family":"Reyes-Huerta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico , Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210 ,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]},{"name":"Doctorado en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Unidad de Posgrado , CU, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510 ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9293-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa G","family":"Rebollar-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Apoyo a la Investigaci\u00f3n, Coordinaci\u00f3n de la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico , Circuito de la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica S\/N, CU, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510 ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7882-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiram","family":"Torres-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda y Reumatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n , Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Dom\u00ednguez Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080 ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1807-0045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"G\u00f3mez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda y Reumatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n , Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Dom\u00ednguez Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080 ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-662X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 L","family":"Maravillas-Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico , Av. 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