{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:01:11Z","timestamp":1789585271567,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007028","name":"Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10034798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10034798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Autologous cell therapy is a patient-embraced approach to inflammatory disease. Murine models demonstrate that alternatively activated (or regulatory) macrophages can reduce the severity of disease, and human macrophages (M0) educated with interleukin-4 (M(IL4)) limit murine colitis. M0 and M(IL4) from healthy donors and individuals with Crohn's disease (active or remission) were assessed by qPCR, characterized by a time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF) comparison of 16 myeloid marker molecules expression, and subtypes of M(IL4)s tested in the murine dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) model of colitis and in vitro co-culture with T cells. Most macrophage preparations responded to IL-4 by increasing CD206, CCL18 and RAMP1 mRNA expression and produced mediators that promoted epithelial repair in a wound assay with the human CaCo2 epithelial line. Single-cell clustering by FlowSOM defined 8 distinct subpopulations (meta-clusters) of macrophages, the proportions of which were unaffected by biological sex, age or cryopreservation: meta-cluster 4 (CD206highPD-L1highHLA-DRhigh) represented 20 to 40% of M0s, with a higher proportion in controls compared with active Crohn's disease. IL-4 treatment significantly expanded meta-cluster 4 in all M0s. Transfer of M(IL4)-CD206high (ie, predominantly meta-cluster 4) into rag1\u2212\/\u2212 mice significantly reduced DNBS-induced colitis, and to a greater extent than M(IL4)-CD206low from the same individual. IL-10 production was increased in M(IL4)-CD206high-T-cell co-cultures. Having confirmed the prohealing effect of the human M(IL4), the predominant meta-cluster M(IL4)-CD206high was found to have superior anticolitic effect. Reduced numbers of M0-CD206high and M(IL4)-CD206high cells in some individuals with Crohn's disease suggest that their absence may contribute to more severe inflammation or reduced healing capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiag075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1781695226000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry analysis of IL-4 treated human macrophages reveals heterogeneity and a CD206high anticolitic subset"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3181-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca E","family":"Callejas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School 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