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This study demonstrates that S.pn challenge robustly upregulates interleukin-32 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and THP-1 cells. Functional assays reveal that exogenous recombinant human interleukin-32\u03b3 significantly potentiates the phagocytic activity of both murine (RAW 264.7) and human (THP-1-derived) macrophages against S.pn. Mechanistically, recombinant human interleukin-32\u03b3-induced phagocytosis is mediated by the upregulation and secretion of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a process contingent upon the activation of the nuclear factor \u03baB (NF-\u03baB) signaling pathway. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of either NF-\u03baB or sEH effectively abrogates the prophagocytic effects of recombinant human interleukin-32\u03b3, confirming the functional requirement of the NF-\u03baB\u2013sEH axis in this response. Collectively, these results elucidate a novel interleukin-32\u03b3\u2013NF-\u03baB\u2013sEH regulatory cascade that facilitates macrophage-mediated bacterial clearance, thereby identifying a potential therapeutic target for the management of pneumococcal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiag093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:58:36Z","timestamp":1783511916000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recombinant human interleukin-32\u03b3 facilitates macrophage phagocytosis of\n                    <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    by activating nuclear factor kappa B-soluble epoxide hydrolase pathway"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Longying","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi) , No. 98 Fenghuang Road, 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