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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially with the high-risk strains, is a primary driver of cervical carcinogenesis. Emerging evidence indicates that integrating HPV testing with existing approaches, such as cervical cytology and visual inspection, offers enhanced sensitivity and specificity in CC screening. HPV infection-associated biomarkers, including HPV E6\/E7 oncogenes, p16^INK4a, DNA methylation signatures, and non-coding RNAs, offer valuable insights into disease progression and the development of personalized interventions. Preventive and therapeutic vaccination against HPV, along with tertiary prevention strategies such as the use of antiviral and immune-modulating drugs for HPV-related lesions, show great clinical potential. At the mechanistic level, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and the development of organoid models for HPV infection provide new cellular and molecular insights into HPV-related CC pathogenesis. This review focuses on the crucial roles of HPV in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CC, with particular emphasis on the latest advancements in screening and disease intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjae046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T15:14:06Z","timestamp":1728832446000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Targeting HPV for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cervical cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Huiling","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Gynecology & Department of Oncology, , Changsha 410000 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University , Changsha 410008 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canhua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Gynecology & Department of Oncology, , Changsha 410000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Gynecology & Department of Oncology, , Changsha 410000 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University , Changsha 410008 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Gynecology & Department of Oncology, , Changsha 410000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Gynecology & Department of Oncology, , Changsha 410000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3474-422X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Gynecology & Department of Oncology, , Changsha 410000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7002-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Gynecology & Department of Oncology, , Changsha 410000 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University , Changsha 410008 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Furong Laboratory, Central South University , Changsha 410008 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha 410000 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"The Biobank of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha 410000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052712054001400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021492","article-title":"Endogenous retrovirus RNA expression differences between race, stage and HPV status offer improved prognostication among women with cervical cancer","volume":"24","author":"Alldredge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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