{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:35:11Z","timestamp":1791999311351,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA1100800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1100800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32370853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32370853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease in the central nervous system that is characterized by demyelination, axonal degeneration, and progressive neurological disability and is so far incurable. Current medications are predominantly immune-targeted but fail to prevent disease progression due to their inability to actively promote remyelination. Small molecules have been reported to promote myelin regeneration but their therapeutic efficacy is limited by insufficient immune modulation. Thus, the strategies achieving both immunomodulation and active myelin regeneration are highly desired. Here, we investigated a combination therapy (CT) for MS designed to simultaneously modulate immune responses and promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and in situ remyelination in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model. Remarkably, CT suppressed acute inflammatory activity, activated the signaling pathways for myelin development, induced the expression of myelin-related genes, and significantly promoted remyelination and the recovery of motor performance. Furthermore, a reduced immunomodulator dosage or shorter treatment duration with small-molecule drugs achieved comparable symptom reversal. Our findings demonstrate the potential of CT to address complex pathobiology and lay a foundation for developing novel therapeutic strategies for MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjaf005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T08:29:47Z","timestamp":1740644987000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Combination therapy dramatically promotes remyelination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yawen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, , Shanghai 200025 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, , Shanghai 200025 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, , Shanghai 200025 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University School of Medicine Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, , Shanghai 200065 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, , Shanghai 200025 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, , Shanghai 200025 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Kunming Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Kunming 650501 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, , Shanghai 200025 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Kunming Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Kunming 650501 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bengbu Medical University Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, School of Life Sciences, , Bengbu 233000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bengbu Medical University Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, School of Life Sciences, , Bengbu 233000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Medical University Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Yinchuan 750004 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aibin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University School of Medicine Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, , Shanghai 200065 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yarui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, , Shanghai 200031 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo O","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, , Shanghai 200031 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9995-0396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, , Shanghai 200025 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Tongji University School of Medicine Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, , Shanghai 200065 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Ningxia Medical University Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Yinchuan 750004 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