{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:07:43Z","timestamp":1792796863074,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the most medically important mosquito species, due to its ability to spread viruses of yellow fever, dengue fever, and Zika in humans. In this study, the insecticidal activity of 17 plant essential oils was evaluated via topical application against two strains of Ae. aegypti mosquito, Orlando (insecticide-susceptible) and Puerto Rico (pyrethroid-resistant). Initial screens with the Orlando strain showed that cucumber seed oil (2017 sample) was the most toxic, followed by sandalwood and thyme oil. When the essential oils were mixed with permethrin, they failed to show any significant synergism of insecticidal activity. Sandalwood and thyme oils displayed consistently high mortality against the resistant Puerto Rico strain, with low resistance ratios of 2.1 and 1.4, respectively. In contrast, cucumber seed oil showed significantly less activity against Puerto Rico mosquitoes, with a resistance ratio of 45. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the 2017 sample of cucumber seed oil sample via flash column chromatography produced 11 fractions, and gas-chromatography\/mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the three active fractions were contaminated with 0.33, 0.36, and 0.33% of chlorpyrifos-methyl, an organophosphorus insecticide, whereas inactive fractions did not show any trace of it. These results suggested that the insecticidal activity of cucumber seed oil was probably due to the presence of the insecticide, later confirmed with a clean batch of cucumber seed oil obtained in 2018, which showed negligible insecticidal activity. These findings demonstrate clearly the need for essential oil analysis to confirm purity before any claims are made about pesticidal potency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T02:23:25Z","timestamp":1580869405000},"page":"1149-1156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Screening for Enhancement of Permethrin Toxicity by Plant Essential Oils Against Adult Females of the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3681-7843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Hyung","family":"Tak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin Robert Renaud","family":"Coquerel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maia","family":"Tsikolia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich R","family":"Bernier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Linthicum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R","family":"Bloomquist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005954","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005954","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance alters the blood-feeding behavior in Puerto Rican Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to treated fabric","volume":"11","author":"Agramonte","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.1021\/jf049913t","article-title":"Chemical composition, plant genetic differences, antimicrobial and antifungal activity investigation of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. L.","volume":"52","author":"Angioni","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0003","first-page":"149","article-title":"Influence of piperonyl butoxide on the toxicity of organophosphate insecticides to three species of freshwater benthic invertebrates","volume":"110","author":"Ankley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C: Pharmacol. Toxicol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000833","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000833","article-title":"The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia induces resistance to dengue virus in Aedes aegypti","volume":"6","author":"Bian","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022","article-title":"Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review","volume":"94","author":"Burt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1268","article-title":"Repellency of Cinnamomum cassia bark compounds and cream containing cassia oil to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory and indoor conditions","volume":"62","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11060","article-title":"Contact and fumigant toxicity of Cyperus rotundus steam distillate constituents and related compounds to insecticide-susceptible and -resistant Blattella germanica","volume":"49","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004543","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004543","article-title":"Differential susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika virus","volume":"10","author":"Chouin-Carneiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s10905-012-9350-8","article-title":"Behavioral responses of the potato psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae) to volatiles from dimethyl disulfide and plant essential oils","volume":"26","author":"Diaz-Montano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Insect Behav"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2072","article-title":"Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review","volume":"21","author":"Edris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytother. Res"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx143","article-title":"Resistance status and resistance mechanisms in a strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Puerto Rico","volume":"54","author":"Estep","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01922438","article-title":"Selection for resistance to azadirachtin in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae","volume":"51","author":"Feng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12197","article-title":"Essential oils enhance the toxicity of permethrin against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae","volume":"31","author":"Gross","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0017","first-page":"382","article-title":"Toxicity and synergistic activities of chalcones against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)","volume":"54","author":"Gross","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0019","first-page":"986","article-title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations. Food Chem","author":"Hussain","year":"2007"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146","article-title":"Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world","volume":"51","author":"Isman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1584\/jpestics.G08-45","article-title":"Spray adulticidal effects of plant oils against house mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"34","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pestic. Sci"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(00)00158-7","article-title":"Fumigant toxicity of essential oils and their constituent compounds towards the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.)","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010814-020828","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: impact, mechanisms, and research directions","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9601067","article-title":"Differences in essential oil composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Italian cultivars related to morphological characteristics","volume":"44","author":"Marotti","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv090","article-title":"Comparison of the insecticidal characteristics of commercially available plant essential oils against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"52","author":"Norris","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3390\/insects9040132","article-title":"Plant essential oils enhance diverse pyrethroids against multiple strains of mosquitoes and inhibit detoxification enzyme processes","volume":"9","author":"Norris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0029","article-title":"Vapor delivery of plant essential oils alters pyrethroid efficacy and detoxification enzyme activity in mosquitoes","author":"O\u2019Neal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elsevier Enhanced Reader"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.06.030","article-title":"Acute, synergistic and antagonistic effects of some aromatic compounds on the Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Lep., Noctuidae) larvae","volume":"60","author":"Pavela","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Crop Prod"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10001","DOI":"10.1021\/jf102193k","article-title":"Larvicidal activity of Asarum heterotropoides root constituents against insecticide-susceptible and -resistant Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti and Ochlerotatus togoi","volume":"58","author":"Perumalsamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120710-100554","article-title":"Essential oils in insect control: low-risk products in a high-stakes world","volume":"57","author":"Regnault-Roger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13228","article-title":"Transcriptional analysis of four family 4 P450s in a Puerto Rico strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) compared with an Orlando strain and their possible functional roles in permethrin resistance","volume":"51","author":"Reid","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42432","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42432","article-title":"Penetration-enhancement underlies synergy of plant essential oil terpenoids as insecticides in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni","volume":"7","author":"Tak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13002","article-title":"Plant essential oils affect the toxicities of carbaryl and permethrin against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"50","author":"Tong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0040","first-page":"1320","article-title":"Essential oils as natural food antimicrobial agents: a review. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci","volume":"55","author":"Vergis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2008.12.018","article-title":"Synergy research: approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals","volume":"16","author":"Wagner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1675","article-title":"Larvicidal and oviposition-altering activity of monoterpenoids, trans-anethole and rosemary oil to the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"65","author":"Waliwitiya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci"},{"key":"2020070409341515600_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000098","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000098","article-title":"The Aedes aegypti toll pathway controls dengue virus infection","volume":"4","author":"Xi","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/57\/4\/1149\/33463552\/tjaa014.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/57\/4\/1149\/33463552\/tjaa014.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T13:34:39Z","timestamp":1593869679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article\/57\/4\/1149\/5722399"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Hribar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjaa014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2585","1938-2928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2585","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]}}}