{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:36:37Z","timestamp":1787020597677,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"College of Science and Mathematics"},{"name":"Graduate Net Initiative of Fresno State"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tick-borne disease surveillance in North America has long focused on Lyme disease, though there is currently a significant shift towards comprehensive pathogen surveillance in ticks. Central California has often been overlooked in regular tick-borne pathogen surveillance despite the presence of numerous medically important tick species. The bacterial genus Rickettsia contains tick-borne species that are known pathogens, such as those in the spotted fever group; nonpathogenic endosymbionts; and many species with unknown pathogenic potential. Five common tick species (Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls [Acari: Ixodidae], Dermacentor occidentalis Marx [Acari: Ixodidae], D. variabilis Say, Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille [Acari: Ixodidae], and Ornithodoros parkeri Cooley [Acari: Argasidae]) of California were collected by both traditional and modern techniques, and subsequently screened for Rickettsia spp. Many individuals from all five tick species were PCR positive for Rickettsia spp., and a combination of species-specific primers, a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay, and DNA sequencing was used to further characterize the species composition in these ticks. Probable Rickettsia philipii (Rickettsia 364D) was detected in one (1.56%) D. occidentalis collected in Fresno County; R. rhipicephali was detected in 23.4% of D. occidentalis from Fresno Co.; R. bellii was detected in 88.2% of D. variabilis, 7.8% of D. occidentalis, and in one R. rhipicephalus (1.1%) from Fresno Co.; R. monacensis str. Humboldt was detected in three (100%) of I. pacificus collected in both Fresno and Madera Co.; and an uncharacterized Rickettsia was detected in (26.4%) of O. parkeri collected in both Fresno and Madera Co. The findings in this study highlight the need for ongoing surveillance in this region of California.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T22:45:46Z","timestamp":1587595546000},"page":"1596-1603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Rickettsia spp. in Five Tick Species Collected in Central California"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Cameron J","family":"Osborne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alya J","family":"Wakeman-Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E","family":"Loa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R","family":"Crosbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4654-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tricia A","family":"Van Laar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020090707141538800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.04.017","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a Rickettsia from the ovary of a Western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus","volume":"10","author":"Alowaysi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. 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