{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:48:02Z","timestamp":1770749282624,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]],"date-time":"2020-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Integrated Control of Leishmaniasis in Ecuador"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para la Asistencia M\u00e9dica Internacional","award":["MAE-DNB-CM-2015-0028-M-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAE-DNB-CM-2015-0028-M-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research represents the first attempt to assess the spatial and temporal distribution based on micro-meso scales on two species with different host preference habits (anthropophilic vs zoophilic), in the major Leishmaniasis endemic area in Ecuador, tourist locations, and Biosphere reserve. Phlebotomine species, Lutzomyia trapidoi (Fairchild) and Lutzomyia reburra (Fairchild and Hertig), were analyzed by trap\/habitat\/month\/locality\/altitude, through the Poisson generalized regression model. Our data reveal a bimodal pattern for both species related with low precipitations and preference for forest habitat. Altitude, proximity to the forest, and the river were the variables that determine the hypervolume of the spatial distribution of relative abundance, where the overlap of these two species increases the risk of translocation and circulation of the etiological agent of leishmaniasis in sylvatic environments to rural\u2013tourist\u2013biosphere reserve areas and vice versa. The ecological characteristics of these two phlebotomines could explain the permanence of the major active and endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the North-Western Ecuador a key aspect in tourism health-security in alternative tourism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]],"date-time":"2020-06-13T06:53:24Z","timestamp":1592031204000},"page":"1905-1912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Spatial-Temporal Analysis of<i>Lutzomyia trapidoi<\/i>and<i>Lutzomyia reburra<\/i>(Diptera: Phlebotominae), in Rural Tourist Locations, Biosphere Reserve and Leishmaniasis Endemic Area, Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Paul L","family":"Duque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Entomolog\u00eda Aplicada \u2013 Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GIBCIZ-UCE. Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"Centro de Biodiversidad, Enfermedades Emergentes y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ambientales, Universidad Internacional SEK. Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"Egresado de la Facultad de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jazzm\u00edn","family":"Arrivillaga-Henr\u00edquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Entomolog\u00eda Aplicada \u2013 Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GIBCIZ-UCE. Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"L\u00ednea Salud, Calidad y Biodiversidad. \u00c1rea Ambiente y Territorio. Carrera Turismo THC- FACSO, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3501-0076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Enr\u00edquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Entomolog\u00eda Aplicada \u2013 Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GIBCIZ-UCE. Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lenin","family":"Ron-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Entomolog\u00eda Aplicada \u2013 Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GIBCIZ-UCE. Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Washington","family":"Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Entomolog\u00eda Aplicada \u2013 Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GIBCIZ-UCE. Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan-Carlos","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biodiversidad, Enfermedades Emergentes y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ambientales, Universidad Internacional SEK. Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020120619205101600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822005000500012","article-title":"Aspectos da ecologia e do comportamento de flebotom\u00edneos em \u00e1rea end\u00eamica de leishmaniose visceral, Minas Gerais","volume":"38","author":"Andrade-Barata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop"},{"key":"2020120619205101600_CIT0002","first-page":"198","article-title":"Primer registro de flebotom\u00ednos para la Provincia Carchi en el Ecuador, Lutzomyia trapidoi (Diptera: Pshychodidae: Phlebotominae)","volume":"LIII","author":"Arrivillaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bol. Malariol. 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