{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:24:58Z","timestamp":1777483498035,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The German cockroach, Blatella germanica (L.), is a suspected vector of several enteric bacterial pathogens, including Escherichia coli, among livestock and humans. However, little is known about the factors that influence bacterial transmission by cockroaches. Here, we orally infected B. germanica with various laboratory and field strains of E. coli and examined bacterial titers over time to shed new light on the factors that influence the dynamics of infection. Our results reveal that a laboratory strain of E. coli is largely cleared within 48 h while one field isolate can persist in a majority of cockroaches (80\u2013100%) for longer than 3 d with minimal impact on cockroach longevity. We also find that the ability to clear some strains of E. coli is greater in cockroach nymphs than adults. Notably, no differential expression of the antimicrobial gene lysozyme was observed between nymphs and adults or in infected groups. However, clearance of E. coli was significantly reduced in gnotobiotic cockroaches that were reared in the absence of environmental bacteria, suggesting a protective role for the microbiota against exogenous bacterial pathogens. Together, these results demonstrate that the interactions between cockroaches and enteric bacterial pathogens are highly dynamic and influenced by a combination of microbial, host, and environmental parameters. Such factors may affect the disease transmission capacity of cockroaches in nature and should be further considered in both lab and field studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T17:57:57Z","timestamp":1591725477000},"page":"1964-1971","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Persistence of <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> Infection in German Cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattellidae) Varies Between Host Developmental Stages and is Influenced by the Gut Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Ritesh","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashaun","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose E","family":"Pietri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-23","article-title":"Insects in confined swine operations carry a large antibiotic resistant and potentially virulent enterococcal community","volume":"11","author":"Ahmad","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00101","article-title":"Interaction of Salmonella spp. with the Intestinal Microbiota","volume":"2","author":"Ahmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/17.5.417","article-title":"Vector potential of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in dissemination of Salmonella enteritidis serotype Typhimurium","volume":"17","author":"Ash","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1163\/187498311X543989","article-title":"Insects as vectors of foodborne pathogenic bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Blazar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Terr. Arthropod Rev"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0005","first-page":"99","article-title":"Succession of the gut microbiota in the cockroach Blattella germanica","volume":"17","author":"Carrasco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Microbiol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.01211.x","article-title":"An investigation into the pathogenic properties of Escherichia coli strains BLR, BL21, DH5alpha and EQ1","volume":"89","author":"Chart","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx179","article-title":"Dose-Dependent effects on replication and persistence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in house flies (Diptera: Muscidae)","volume":"55","author":"Chifanzwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.09.006","article-title":"Native microbiota shape insect vector competence for human pathogens","volume":"10","author":"Cirimotich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8561","article-title":"National prevalence and exposure risk for cockroach allergen in U.S. households","volume":"114","author":"Cohn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.11.2568","article-title":"The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila","volume":"21","author":"DeGregorio","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2014.07.004","article-title":"The mosquito microbiota influences vector competence for human pathogens","volume":"3","author":"Dennison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12827","article-title":"Cockroach allergen exposure and risk of asthma","volume":"71","author":"Do","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.145","article-title":"N-glycan in cockroach allergen regulates human basophil function","volume":"5","author":"Do","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00046","article-title":"Endosymbiotic bacteria in insects: guardians of the immune system?","volume":"4","author":"Eleftherianos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1079\/AHR2005105","article-title":"Escherichia coli in postweaning diarrhea in pigs: an update on bacterial types, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies","volume":"6","author":"Fairbrother","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.106546","article-title":"Children at risk for asthma: home allergen levels, lymphocyte proliferation, and wheeze","volume":"105","author":"Finn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12007","article-title":"Incidence of bacteria of public health interest carried by cockroaches in different food-related environments","volume":"49","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00620","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00620-19","article-title":"Identification of Clostridioides difficile-inhibiting gut commensals using culturomics, phenotyping, and combinatorial community assembly","volume":"5","author":"Ghimire","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.1.128-132.2005","article-title":"Mechanical transmission of human protozoan parasites by insects","volume":"18","author":"Graczyk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.2.6.800-809.1970","article-title":"Factors affecting the transmission of salmonella by flies: natural resistance to colonization and bacterial interference","volume":"2","author":"Greenberg","year":"1970","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0021","first-page":"135","article-title":"Practical use of RNA interference: oral delivery of double-stranded RNA in liposome carriers for cockroaches","volume":"1","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6914","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6914","article-title":"Conspecific coprophagy stimulates normal development in a germ-free model invertebrate","volume":"7","author":"Jahnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079224","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Musca domestica L.: temporospatial examination of bacteria population dynamics and house fly antimicrobial responses","volume":"8","author":"Joyner","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16324","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16353-x","article-title":"The microbiomes of blowflies and houseflies as bacterial transmission reservoirs","volume":"7","author":"Junqueira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01037","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01037-18","article-title":"overlapping community compositions of gut and fecal microbiomes in lab-reared and field-collected German Cockroaches","volume":"84","author":"Kakumanu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42341","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42341","article-title":"Cockroach protease allergen induces allergic airway inflammation via epithelial cell activation","volume":"7","author":"Kale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400055571","article-title":"Salmonella in the American cockroach: evaluation of vector potential through dosed feeding experiments","volume":"77","author":"Klowden","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Hyg. (Lond)"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/14.3.362","article-title":"Salmonella in the American cockroach: outcome of natural invasion of the hemocoele","volume":"14","author":"Klowden","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-57.2.125","article-title":"Cockroaches as vectors of salmonella: laboratory and field trials","volume":"57","author":"Kopanic","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Food Prot"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03281-1","article-title":"The genomic and functional landscapes of developmental plasticity in the American cockroach","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/tox144","article-title":"Unidirectional cross-resistance in German cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae) populations under exposure to insecticidal baits","volume":"110","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2014.05.001","article-title":"Circadian regulation of permethrin susceptibility by glutathione S-transferase (BgGSTD1) in the German cockroach (Blattella germanica)","volume":"65","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4407","article-title":"Oral delivery of dsRNA lipoplexes to German cockroach protects dsRNA from degradation and induces RNAi response","volume":"73","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773214Y.0000000136","article-title":"Bacterial load of German cockroach (Blattela germanica) found in hospital environment","volume":"108","author":"Menasria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/80.1.44","article-title":"Evaluation of three methods for detecting chlorpyrifos resistance in German cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) populations","volume":"80","author":"Milio","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz095","article-title":"Contamination of cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) by medically important bacteriae: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Nasirian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saw083","article-title":"Flourishing in filth: House fly-microbe interactions across life history","volume":"110","author":"Nayduch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12167","article-title":"Expression of lysozyme in the life history of the house fly (Musca domestica L.)","volume":"50","author":"Nayduch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0039","first-page":"1264","article-title":"Effects of bacterial dose and fly sex on persistence and excretion of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from adult house flies (Musca domestica L.; Diptera: Muscidae)","volume":"55","author":"Nayduch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0040","first-page":"20182207","article-title":"Functional crosstalk across IMD and Toll pathways: insight into the evolution of incomplete immune cascades","volume":"286","author":"Nishide","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1629-x","article-title":"Household cockroaches carry CTX-M-15-, OXA-48- and NDM-1-producing enterobacteria, and share beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans","volume":"19","author":"Obeng-Nkrumah","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saw085","article-title":"Persistence of two Salmonella serovar Montevideo strains throughout horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) larval and pupal development","volume":"110","author":"Olafson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.11.006","article-title":"Isolation of bacteria with antibiotic resistance from household cockroaches (Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica)","volume":"93","author":"Pai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Fiv022","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiv022","article-title":"Diet shapes the gut microbiota of the omnivorous cockroach Blattella germanica","volume":"91","author":"P\u00e9rez-Cobas","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0207985","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207985","article-title":"Disruption of the microbiota affects physiological and evolutionary aspects of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach, an important urban pest","volume":"13","author":"Pietri","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw240","article-title":"House flies in the confined cattle environment carry non-O157 shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli","volume":"54","author":"Puri-Giri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2472","article-title":"The role of juvenile hormone in immune function and pheromone production trade-offs: a test of the immunocompetence handicap principle","volume":"270","author":"Rantala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003720","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003720","article-title":"Steroid hormone signaling is essential to regulate innate immune cells and fight bacterial infection in Drosophila","volume":"9","author":"Regan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.3.397","article-title":"Retention of Escherichia coli by house fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) during pupal metamorphosis and eclosion","volume":"42","author":"Rochon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199705083361904","article-title":"The role of cockroach allergy and exposure to cockroach allergen in causing morbidity among inner-city children with asthma","volume":"336","author":"Rosenstreich","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.04.006","article-title":"The IMD pathway regulates lysozyme-like proteins (LLPs) in the silkmoth Antheraea mylitta","volume":"154","author":"Satyavathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2009.12.013","article-title":"Activation of immune-associated phospholipase A2 is functionally linked to Toll\/Imd signal pathways in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum","volume":"34","author":"Shrestha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saw082","article-title":"Abundance and accumulation of Eschirichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium procured by male and female house flies (Diptera:Muscidae) exposed to cattle manure","volume":"110","author":"Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elv002","article-title":"Evolutionary genetics of insect innate immunity","volume":"14","author":"Viljakainen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brief. Funct. Genomics"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15678","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1504031112","article-title":"Gut bacteria mediate aggregation in the German cockroach","volume":"112","author":"Wada-Katsumata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108","article-title":"The ASA statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose","volume":"70","author":"Wasserstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. Stat"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4726","article-title":"The interactions between gut microbiota and entomopathogenic fungi: a potential approach for biological control of Blattella germanica (L.)","volume":"74","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2020.107371","article-title":"Isolation of an anti-entomopathogenic fungal protein secreted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa BGf-2: an intestinal bacteriam of Blattella germanica (L.)","volume":"173","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106932","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106932","article-title":"De novo transcriptome of the Hemimetabolous German cockroach (Blattella germanica)","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3562","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00600-14","article-title":"Insects represent a link between food animal farms and the urban environment for antibiotic resistance traits","volume":"80","author":"Zurek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol"},{"key":"2020111300262977500_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.04.011","article-title":"Evaluation of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) as a vector for verotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 in confined swine production","volume":"101","author":"Zurek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/57\/6\/1964\/34285234\/tjaa108.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/57\/6\/1964\/34285234\/tjaa108.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T05:26:43Z","timestamp":1605245203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article\/57\/6\/1964\/5855158"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjaa108","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2585","1938-2928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2585","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]}}}