{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:13:26Z","timestamp":1780470806842,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Foundation of Basic Science and Technology Resources Survey of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2017FY101203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017FY101203"]}]},{"name":"Project of Basic Platform of National Science and Technology Resources of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China","award":["TDRC-2019-194-30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDRC-2019-194-30"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gene mutations on target sites can be a valuable indicator of the status of insecticide resistance. Jeddah, a global commercial and major port-of-entry city, is bearing the brunt of dengue disease burden in Saudi Arabia. In the current study, six genotypes of three codon combinations (989, 1016, and 1534) were observed on voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene in Jeddah\u2019s Aedes aegypti population, with PGF\/PGC as the dominant one. Two types of introns between exon 20 and 21 on VGSC have been identified for the first time in Ae. aegypti in Saudi Arabia. Statistical and phylogenetic analyses showed that the intron type was significantly associated with the 1016 allele and may reflect the history of insecticide treatment in different continents. In addition, fixation of the L1014F allele on VGSC and G119S on acetylcholinesterase 1 gene was detected in local Culex quinquefasciatus populations, with frequencies of 95.24 and 100%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of resistant-associated mutations in field-caught Cx. quinquefasciatus in Saudi Arabia. The high prevalence of insecticide resistance gene mutations in local primary mosquito vector species highlights the urgent need to carry out comprehensive insecticide resistance surveillance in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T12:51:20Z","timestamp":1618663880000},"page":"1839-1848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Molecular Analysis of Targeted Insecticide Resistance Gene Mutations in Field-Caught Mosquitos of Medical Importance From Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5380-6660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Tambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Pests Laboratory, Municipality of Jeddah Governorate, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Bo","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Nong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad I M","family":"Khater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Pests Laboratory, Municipality of Jeddah Governorate, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 12413, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-015-0567-5","article-title":"Frequency of West Nile virus infection in Iranian blood donors","volume":"32","author":"Aghaie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Hematol. Blood Transfus"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2096-6","article-title":"Combined target site (kdr) mutations play a primary role in highly pyrethroid resistant phenotypes of Aedes aegypti from Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"Al-Nazawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24785","article-title":"Phylogenetic characterization of circulating dengue and Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever viruses in Western Saudi Arabia and lack of evidence of Zika virus in the region: a retrospective study, 2010\u20132015","volume":"89","author":"Al-Saeed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1673\/031.014.69","article-title":"Aedes mosquito species in western Saudi Arabia","volume":"14","author":"Alikhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Insect Sci"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.13005\/bbra\/2018","article-title":"Resistance status of Aedes aegypti to insecticides in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Alsheikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotech. Res. Asia"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300018356","article-title":"Preliminary investigation of the mechanisms of DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) from Saudi Arabia","volume":"79","author":"Amin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bull. Ent. Res"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-40","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) from villages in central, northern and south west Ethiopia and detection of kdr mutation","volume":"3","author":"Balkew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02717.x","article-title":"Can piperonyl butoxide enhance the efficacy of pyrethroids against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti?","volume":"16","author":"Bingham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0009","first-page":"390","article-title":"The acetylcholinesterase gene Ace: a diagnostic marker for the pipiens and quinquefasciatus forms of the Culex pipiens complex","volume":"14","author":"Bourguet","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2003.00412.x","article-title":"Pyrethroid and DDT cross-resistance in Aedes aegypti is correlated with novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene","volume":"17","author":"Brengues","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60878","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060878","article-title":"Assessing the effects of Aedes aegypti kdr mutations on pyrethroid resistance and its fitness cost","volume":"8","author":"Brito","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0012","volume-title":"Guideline for evaluating insecticide resistance in vectors using the CDC bottle bioassay","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2009.01.001","article-title":"A novel amino acid substitution in a voltage-gated sodium channel is associated with knockdown resistance to permethrin in Aedes aegypti","volume":"39","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007291","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007291","article-title":"Voltage-gated sodium channel intron polymorphism and four mutations comprise six haplotypes in an Aedes aegypti population in Taiwan","volume":"13","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7093","DOI":"10.1021\/jm501981g","article-title":"Voltage-gated sodium channels: structure, function, pharmacology, and clinical indications","volume":"58","author":"de Lera Ruiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.02.007","article-title":"Does kdr genotype predict insecticide-resistance phenotype in mosquitoes?","volume":"25","author":"Donnelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11785","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305118110","article-title":"Molecular evidence for dual pyrethroid-receptor sites on a mosquito sodium channel","volume":"110","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3390\/insects7040060","article-title":"Sodium channel mutations and pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti","volume":"7","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004226","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004226","article-title":"Deltamethrin resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti populations from three French overseas territories worldwide","volume":"9","author":"Dusfour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-404","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1) target site mutation 119S is strongly diagnostic of carbamate and organophosphate resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii across southern Ghana","volume":"12","author":"Essandoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar. J"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3657-7","article-title":"Resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, and the geographical distribution and polymorphisms of target-site mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase 1 genes in Anopheles sinensis populations in Shanghai, China","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.626368","article-title":"Detection of DENV-2 and insect-specific flaviviruses in mosquitoes collected from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5377","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13866","article-title":"Global genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti","volume":"25","author":"Gloria-Soria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0024","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0623","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti from Grand Cayman","volume":"83","author":"Harris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d190105","article-title":"Detection of Ace-1 gene with insecticides resistance in Aedes aegypti populations from DHF-endemic areas in Padang, Indonesia","volume":"19","author":"Hasmiwati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biodiversitas"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0027","first-page":"e105","article-title":"Dengue fever: a Wikipedia clinical review","volume":"8","author":"Heilman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.45.1.371","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease","volume":"45","author":"Hemingway","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3085","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003085","article-title":"A single crossing-over event in voltage-sensitive Na+ channel genes may cause critical failure of dengue mosquito control by insecticides","volume":"8","author":"Hirata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0029","first-page":"2595","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase genes within the Diptera: takeover and loss in true flies","volume":"273","author":"Huchard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-78","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from Zanzibar: implications for vector control programmes","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003032","article-title":"Co-occurrence of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti populations in Myanmar","volume":"8","author":"Kawada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004780","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004780","article-title":"Discovery of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel from African Aedes aegypti populations: potential phylogenetic reasons for gene introgression","volume":"10","author":"Kawada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0033","first-page":"409","article-title":"Ecology and habitat characterization of mosquitoes in Saudi Arabia","volume":"30","author":"Khater","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop. Biomed"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731581","article-title":"A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences","volume":"16","author":"Kimura","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.59.33","article-title":"Concomitant identification of subspecies and insecticide resistance-associated mutations in the mosquito Culex pipiens complex by primer extension-based genotyping","volume":"59","author":"Komagata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Entomol. Zool"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","article-title":"MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3332","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003332","article-title":"Pyrethroid-resistance and presence of two knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations, F1534C and a novel mutation T1520I, in Indian Aedes aegypti","volume":"9","author":"Kushwah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404","article-title":"Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0","volume":"23","author":"Larkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00781","article-title":"Multiple mutations and mutation combinations in the sodium channel of permethrin resistant mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0933-z","article-title":"Relationship between insecticide resistance and kdr mutations in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Southern China","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010814-020828","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: impact, mechanisms, and research directions","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092595699","article-title":"Intron evolution as a population-genetic process","volume":"99","author":"Lynch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007852","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007852","article-title":"Distribution of insecticide resistance and mechanisms involved in the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti in Laos and implication for vector control","volume":"13","author":"Marcombe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02378.x","article-title":"Frequency of Val1016Ile mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti Brazilian populations","volume":"14","author":"Martins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.108","article-title":"Voltage-gated sodium channel polymorphism and metabolic resistance in pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti from Brazil","volume":"81","author":"Martins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eot012","article-title":"Evidence for gene duplication in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti","volume":"2013","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evol. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.020194","article-title":"Isolation and genetic characterization of Rift Valley fever virus from Aedes vexans arabiensis, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"8","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/GCE.2010.5676129","article-title":"Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees,","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE)","author":"Miller","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0049","volume-title":"The statistical yearbook, 2018G. 04\/1439-1403\/1440H","author":"Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0050","volume-title":"The statistical yearbook, 2019G. 04\/1439-1403\/1440H","author":"Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0051","first-page":"125","article-title":"Molecular surveillance of dengue infections in Sabya Governorate of Jazan region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia","volume":"5","author":"Mohammed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mosq. Res"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005625","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005625","article-title":"Contemporary status of insecticide resistance in the major Aedes vectors of arboviruses infecting humans","volume":"11","author":"Moyes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646701","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1646701","article-title":"Circulation of dengue virus serotypes in the City of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, as determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction","volume":"2017","author":"Organji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/14.9.817","article-title":"MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution","volume":"14","author":"Posada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.08.004","article-title":"Development and application of a simple colorimetric assay reveals widespread distribution of sodium channel mutations in Thai populations of Aedes aegypti","volume":"108","author":"Rajatileka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/sys029","article-title":"MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space","volume":"61","author":"Ronquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Syst. Biol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2007.00774.x","article-title":"A mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene associated with pyrethroid resistance in Latin American Aedes aegypti","volume":"16","author":"Saavedra-Rodriguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02323.x","article-title":"Molecular analysis of knock down resistance (kdr) mutation and distribution of kdr genotypes in a wild population of Culex quinquefasciatus from India","volume":"14","author":"Sarkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0059","first-page":"00080","article-title":"Incidence history of West Nile virus in Africa and Middle East, with an emphasis on Egypt: a review","volume":"3","author":"Sayedahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Vet. Anim. Res"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0150577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150577","article-title":"Distribution of voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) alleles among the Aedes aegypti populations in Central Java Province and its association with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides","volume":"11","author":"Sayono","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2014.12.018","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes","volume":"120","author":"Scott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2987\/11-6149.1","article-title":"Update on the frequency of Ile1016 mutation in voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti in Mexico","volume":"27","author":"Siller","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(03)00023-7","article-title":"The molecular biology of knockdown resistance to pyrethroid insecticides","volume":"33","author":"Soderlund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12314","article-title":"The changes in mosquito vector behaviour and the emerging resistance to insecticides will challenge the decline of malaria","volume":"19","author":"Sokhna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.2010.275","article-title":"Point mutations in domain II of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in deltamethrin-resistant Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"45","author":"Srisawat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Entomol. Zool"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-253","article-title":"Detection of the V1016G mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) by allele-specific PCR assay, and its distribution and effect on deltamethrin resistance in Thailand","volume":"6","author":"Stenhouse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004263","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004263","article-title":"Coevolution of the Ile1,016 and Cys1,534 mutations in the voltage gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti in Mexico","volume":"9","author":"Vera-Maloof","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-050715-105122","article-title":"Zika, chikungunya, and other emerging vector-borne viral diseases","volume":"69","author":"Weaver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/423136b","article-title":"Comparative genomics: insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors","volume":"423","author":"Weill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0070","volume-title":"Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30875\/7e6f8c91-en","volume-title":"World malaria report 2019","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0072","first-page":"6.4","article-title":"Inferring evolutionary trees with PAUP*","volume":"6","author":"Wilgenbusch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3390\/insects6030658","article-title":"Association between three mutations, F1565C, V1023G and S996P, in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene and knockdown resistance in Aedes aegypti from Yogyakarta, Indonesia","volume":"6","author":"Wuliandari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47609","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047609","article-title":"Evolutionary adaptation of the amino acid and codon usage of the mosquito sodium channel following insecticide selection in the field mosquitoes","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2009.10.005","article-title":"A novel F1552\/C1552 point mutation in the Aedes aegypti voltage-gated sodium channel gene associated with permethrin resistance","volume":"96","author":"Yanola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Phys"},{"key":"2021071619191223200_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02725.x","article-title":"High-throughput assays for detection of the F1534C mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in permethrin-resistant Aedes aegypti and the distribution of this mutation throughout Thailand","volume":"16","author":"Yanola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/58\/4\/1839\/39072016\/tjab048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/58\/4\/1839\/39072016\/tjab048.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T07:55:22Z","timestamp":1698911722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article\/58\/4\/1839\/6231900"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ary","family":"Faraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjab048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2585","1938-2928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2585","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]}}}