{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:57:43Z","timestamp":1762253863852,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"ICMR-New Delhi"},{"name":"UGC-MANF Fellowship","award":["MANF-UGC-13956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MANF-UGC-13956"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phlebotomus argentipes is an established vector for Visceral leishmaniasis prevalent in the Indian subcontinent. Insect Glutathione S-transferases (GST) enzyme plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and chemical insecticides. We report herein the identification and characterization of a delta class GST from the sandfly, P. argentipes. The resulting clone (rParg-GST\u03b4) is successfully sequenced, which revealed 76.43% and 66.32% gene identity with GST from Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli; Diptera: Psychodidae) and Lutzomiya longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva; Diptera: Psychodidae), respectively. The identified rParg-GST amino acid Blast results revealed 82.6% homology to delta class GST of Phlebotomus papatasi and more than 50% homology to Lepidoptera which comprises butterflies and moths. The Phylogenetic analysis of Parg-GST with different classes of Insect GSTs further supported its classification as delta class. A functional recombinant Parg-GST\u03b4 protein (rParg-GST\u03b4) was expressed in Escherichia coli (Migula; Enterobacterales: Enterobacteriaceae) cells in a soluble form, purified to homogeneity and found to be active against a substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dintrobenzene (CDNB) and lipid peroxidation by-product 4-Hydrxynonenal (4-HNE). Interestingly, rParg-GST\u03b4 demonstrates high dehydrochlorination activity against dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) i.e., 16.27 nM\/\u00b5g in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. These results provide evidence of direct DDT metabolism property exhibited by P. argentipes GST and set the foundation to decipher the metabolic resistance mechanism in P. argentipes against insecticides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T18:31:35Z","timestamp":1626287495000},"page":"2349-2357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Amplification and Characterization of DDT Metabolizing Delta Class GST in Sand Fly,<i>Phlebotomus argentipes<\/i>(Diptera: Psychodidae) From Bihar, India"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6976-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faizan","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vector Biology & Control, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Agam Kuan, Patna, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishn Pratap","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Agam Kuan, Patna, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pushkar","family":"Shivam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Agam Kuan, Patna, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vahab","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Agam Kuan, Patna, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diwakar Singh","family":"Dinesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vector Biology & Control, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Agam Kuan, Patna, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021110918200263000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021110918200263000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.130140","article-title":"Interaction affinity of Delta and Epsilon class glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) to bind with DDT for detoxification and conferring resistance in Anopheles gambiae, a malaria vector","volume":"51","author":"Aravindan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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