{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:23:36Z","timestamp":1791861816098,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Trypanosomatids (Kinetoplastida:Trypanosomatidae) protozoa are a diverse group of obligate parasites. The genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania are the most studied because of their medical importance. This work aims to evaluate the effects of anthropization processes on the composition of the phlebotomine sand fly fauna and the natural infection by Trypanosomatids, with emphasis on Leishmania. At all 3,186 sand flies were collected, distributed in 13 genera and 52 species, being Ny. umbratilis the most abundant species. There was no difference in the diversity between canopy and soil environments. The species abundance and richness were higher in the forest environment while species diversity and evenness were highest in the forest edge. The ITS1 region was used by PCR-RFLP to identify the fragment profiles of Leishmania species, followed by genetic sequencing. Here were analyzed 100 pools of female sand flies, being six positive for DNA parasite. PCR-RFLP fragment patterns similar to Endotrypanum sp. were observed in Nyssomyia anduzei, Psychodopygus amazonensis and Lutzomyia gomezi, and those fragments similar to Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis were observed in Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. ITS1 sequencing confirmed the presence of Leishmania sp. in Bi. flaviscutellata, and Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi in Ny. anduzei, Psychodopygus amazonensis, and Lu. gomezi. This is the first record of Lu. gomezi and Ps. amazonensis infection by L. naiffi in the State of Amazonas. These results show the trypanosomatid infection in sandflies from different landscapes in a rural settlement, and the finding of species infected with L.(V.) naiffi suggest that they can develop a role in the transmission cycle of leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T01:02:11Z","timestamp":1642035731000},"page":"681-692","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Trypanosomatids in Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) From Anthropic and Sinantropic Landscapes in a Rural Settlement in the Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5582-8222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R C S","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Condi\u00e7\u00f5es de Vida e Situa\u00e7\u00f5es de Sa\u00fade na Amaz\u00f4nia \u2013 PPGVIDA. Instituto Le\u00f4nidas e Maria Deane \u2013 ILMD Fiocruz Amaz\u00f4nia, Rua Teresina, 476 Adrian\u00f3polis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E F","family":"Marialva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia de Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis na Amazonia \u2013 EDTA Instituto Le\u00f4nidas e Maria Deane \u2013 ILMD Fiocruz Amaz\u00f4nia, Rua Teresina, 476 Adrian\u00f3polis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7288-9799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J A","family":"Feij\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia de Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis na Amazonia \u2013 EDTA Instituto Le\u00f4nidas e Maria Deane \u2013 ILMD Fiocruz Amaz\u00f4nia, Rua Teresina, 476 Adrian\u00f3polis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7716-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J W","family":"Pereira-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia de Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis na Amazonia \u2013 EDTA Instituto Le\u00f4nidas e Maria Deane \u2013 ILMD Fiocruz Amaz\u00f4nia, Rua Teresina, 476 Adrian\u00f3polis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K M","family":"Martins-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia de Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis na Amazonia \u2013 EDTA Instituto Le\u00f4nidas e Maria Deane \u2013 ILMD Fiocruz Amaz\u00f4nia, Rua Teresina, 476 Adrian\u00f3polis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C M F","family":"Gontijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190\u2013002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A A S","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190\u2013002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C M","family":"Rios-Velasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia de Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis na Amazonia \u2013 EDTA Instituto Le\u00f4nidas e Maria Deane \u2013 ILMD Fiocruz Amaz\u00f4nia, Rua Teresina, 476 Adrian\u00f3polis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F A C","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia de Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis na Amazonia \u2013 EDTA Instituto Le\u00f4nidas e Maria Deane \u2013 ILMD Fiocruz Amaz\u00f4nia, Rua Teresina, 476 Adrian\u00f3polis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21767\/1791-809X.1000519","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: a review on parasite, vector and reservoir host","volume":"11","author":"Alemayehu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Sci. 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Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8040190","article-title":"Trypanosomatids in Small Mammals of an Agroecosystem in Central Brazil: Another Piece in the Puzzle of Parasite Transmission in an Anthropogenic Landscape","volume":"8","author":"Brand\u00e3o","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000300003","article-title":"Distribution of Sandflies (Diptera:Psychodidae) on Tree-trunks in a Non-flooded Area of the Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus, AM, Brazil","volume":"94","author":"Cabanillas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. 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(Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"93","author":"F\u00e9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1590\/S0044-59672004000100016","article-title":"Fauna de flebotom\u00edneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em fragmentos florestais ao redor de conjuntos habitacionais na cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil: II. Estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o horizontal","volume":"34","author":"Feitosa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Amaz"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762013000300004","article-title":"Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from L\u00e1brea, state of Amazonas, Brazil, with a description of Evandromyia (Aldamyia) apurinan Shimabukuro, Figueira &amp; Silva, sp. nov","volume":"108","author":"Figueira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762007000100005","article-title":"Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) associated with changing patterns in the transmission of the human cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana","volume":"102","author":"Fouque","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000100008","article-title":"Species diversity and flagellate infections in the sand fly fauna near Porto Grande, State of Amap\u00e1, Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae. Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)","volume":"97","author":"Freitas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75544-1_2","article-title":"Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae): Classification, Morphology and Terminology of Adults and Identification of American Taxa,","volume-title":"Brazilian sand flies\u202f: biology, taxonomy, medical importance and control","author":"Galati","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762003000600007","article-title":"Recent observations on the sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of the State of Rond\u00f4nia, Western Amaz\u00f4nia, Brazil: the importance of Psychdopygus davisi as a vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"98","author":"Gil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.645","article-title":"Characterization and classification of leishmanial parasites from humans, wild mammals, and sand flies in the Amazon region of Brazil","volume":"44","author":"Grimaldi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2006001100006","article-title":"Epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar na Comunidade S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil","volume":"22","author":"Guerra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cad. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1590\/S0044-59672007000100017","article-title":"Estudo de dois anos com animais reservat\u00f3rios em \u00e1rea de ocorr\u00eancia de leishmaniose tegumentar americana humana em bairro de urbaniza\u00e7\u00e3o antiga na cidade de Manaus-AM, Brasil","volume":"37","author":"Guerra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Amaz"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3067-2","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in the wild and its most important reservoir hosts in Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Jansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2017.020","article-title":"Revised classification of the subfamily Leishmaniinae (Trypanosomatidae)","volume":"64","author":"Kostygov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Folia Parasit"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0035","first-page":"13","article-title":"The Neotropical Leishmania species: a brief historical review of their discovery, ecology and taxonomy","volume":"1","author":"Lainson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Pan-Amaz\u00f4nica Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(76)90202-9","article-title":"Letter: Cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Brazil: Lutzomyia anduzei as a major vector","volume":"70","author":"Lainson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0037","first-page":"282","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis of man due to Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi Lainson and Shaw, 1989","volume":"65","author":"Lainson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3157\/0013-872X(2007)118[351:APOGAS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A proposal of generic abbreviations for Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the world","volume":"118","author":"Marcondes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Entomol. News"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0060","volume-title":"Casos de Leishmaniose Tegumentar","author":"MS (Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade). Brasil.","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0039","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Estudo de quatro esp\u00e9cies de Lutzomyia Fran\u00e7a, 1924 (Diptera, Psychodidae) em \u00e1rea end\u00eamica de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana na periferia de Manaus","author":"Paes","year":"1991"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.08.009","article-title":"Detection and identification of Leishmania species in field-captured phlebotomine sandflies based on mini-exon gene PCR","volume":"99","author":"Paiva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00141-7","article-title":"Effects of environmental change on emerging parasitic diseases","volume":"30","author":"Patz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy014","article-title":"Molecular identification of Leishmania spp. in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the Len\u00e7\u00f3is Maranhenses National Park, Brazil","volume":"55","author":"Pereira-Filho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2022031611061337000_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0789-2","article-title":"Ecological aspects and molecular detection of Leishmania DNA Ross (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in terra firme and v\u00e1rzea environments in the Middle Solim\u00f5es Region, Amazonas State, Brazil","volume":"8","author":"Pereira J\u00fanior","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. 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