{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:19:57Z","timestamp":1780593597815,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division - Global Emerging Infections Surveillance","award":["6000.RAD1.J.A0311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6000.RAD1.J.A0311"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016156","name":"US Army Medical Research and Development Command","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-21-C-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-21-C-0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Data on the prevalence and distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Belize are lacking. Ticks (n = 564) collected from dogs, horses, and vegetation in two villages in Stann Creek District in southeastern Belize in 2018, were molecularly identified and screened for tick-borne nonviral human pathogens. The identity of 417 ticks was molecularly confirmed by DNA barcoding as Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (66.43%), Amblyomma ovale Koch (15.59%), Dermacentor nitens Neumann (11.51%), Amblyomma sp. ADB0528 (3.6%), and the remainder being small records (2.87%) of Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, Amblyomma imitator Kohls, Amblyomma tapirellum Dunn, Amblyomma auricularium Conil, and Amblyomma maculatum Koch. Individual tick extracts were screened for the presence of Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Babesia microti, Borrelia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Anaplasma spp. using available conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic Rainforest was identified in five specimens of A. ovale, and one other unidentified tick, all collected from dogs. Another unidentified tick\u2014also collected from a dog\u2014tested positive for an undefined but previously detected Ehrlichia sp. With the exception of D. nitens, all eight other tick species identified in this study were collected on dogs, suggesting that dogs could be usefully employed as sentinel animals for tick surveillance in Belize.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjac112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T10:00:13Z","timestamp":1659088813000},"page":"1749-1755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Associated Pathogens Collected From Domestic Animals and Vegetation in Stann Creek District, Southeastern Belize, Central America"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9478-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suppaluck","family":"Polsomboon Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center , Suitland, MD , USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution , Washington, DC , USA"},{"name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch , Silver Spring, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian P","family":"Bourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center , uitland, MD , USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution , Washington, DC , USA"},{"name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch , Silver Spring, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razan","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola University , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Tarpey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola University , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Caicedo-Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center , Suitland, MD , USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution , Washington, DC , USA"},{"name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch , Silver Spring, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donovan","family":"Leiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC) , Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District , Belize"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Pott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC) , Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District , Belize"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5979-893X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC) , Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District , Belize"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3567-3419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Chung","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC) , Silver Spring, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L","family":"Achee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame , Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Grieco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame , Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC) , Silver Spring, MD , USA"},{"name":"The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. , Bethesda, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC) , Silver Spring, MD , USA"},{"name":"The Henry M. 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