{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:32:44Z","timestamp":1780410764187,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researcher supporting Project","award":["RSP-2021\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study investigated the safety and efficacy of two forms of D-limonene (DL) against Columbicola columbae (pigeon feather lice); pure and a nanoemulsion formulation (DLN). The cell cytotoxicity of the prepared forms of DL\/DLN was investigated using skin cell lines. In vitro and ex vivo bioassays were applied on lice. The ex vivo bioassay was done on cut feathers containing lice eggs. The in vivo experiment was conducted on pigeons naturally infested by lice. The infested pigeons were treated with DL, DLN, or deltamethrin (D) as a positive control. Both forms of D-limonene were found to be safe when applied to the normal human skin fibroblast cell line, but DLN was toxic to skin cell carcinoma. The in vitro and ex vivo results of both DL and DLN forms were similar. All eggs treated with DL, DLN, and D failed to hatch (100%). The in vivo results showed complete elimination of lice 24 h post-treatment (PT), and biochemical analysis showed that the treated birds retained normal kidney and liver functions. Treated groups also showed improved productivity in the 4 months PT. In conclusion, DL and DLN are safe and effective in controlling feather lice infestation in pigeons and successful treatment encourages bird productivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjac178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T12:53:40Z","timestamp":1668776020000},"page":"148-158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Safety and Efficacy of Pure and a Nanosuspension of D-limonene for Controlling Pigeon Lice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sahar M","family":"Gadelhaq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University , Minia , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1403-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawky M","family":"Aboelhadid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef 62511 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel-Azeem S","family":"Abdel-Baki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled M","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute , Beni-Suef Branch , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed M","family":"Arafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef 62511 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2517-1848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar M","family":"Ibrahium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute , Fayum Branch , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Al-Quraishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed O","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO 63110 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shams G","family":"Abd El-Kareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0001","first-page":"13","article-title":"Social life, reproductive behavior and squab growth rate of local Egyptian baladi pigeons","volume":"25","author":"Abdel-Azeem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Egypt. Poult. Sci. J"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1590-y","article-title":"In vitro efficacy of ByeMite\u00ae and Mite-Stop\u00ae on developmental stages of the red chicken mite Dermanyssus gallinae","volume":"105","author":"Abdel-Ghaffar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0260172","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260172","article-title":"Acaricidal activity of Foeniculum vulgare against Rhipicephalus annulatus is mainly dependent on its constituent from trans-anethone","volume":"16","author":"Aboelhadid","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.1080\/00222930500393368","article-title":"Taxonomic revision of Old World members of the feather louse genus Columbicola (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera), including description of eight new species","volume":"39","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nat. Hist"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.10.016","article-title":"New records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Egyptian pigeons and doves (Columbiformes), with description of one new species","volume":"190","author":"Adly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22523","article-title":"Antifibrotic effects of D-limonene (5(1-methyl-4-[1-methylethenyl]) cyclohexane) in CCl4 induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats","volume":"33","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0007","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of the productive and reproductive performance of pigeon in selected districts of Bangladesh","volume":"4","author":"Akter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Surg"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1645\/20-64","article-title":"Ectoparasites and intestinal helminths of pigeons in Medina, Saudi Arabia","volume":"106","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parasitol"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v8i4.2","article-title":"Survey of parasites in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Tripoli, Libya","volume":"8","author":"Alkharigy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Vet. J"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.04.008","article-title":"Fingolimod interrupts the cross talk between estrogen metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism within prostate cancer cells","volume":"291","author":"Allam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-020-01915-0","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of limonene against chronic immobilization induced liver damage in rats","volume":"393","author":"Amini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.104914","article-title":"Thymol efficacy against coccidiosis in pigeon (Columba livia domestica)","volume":"176","author":"Arafa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3329\/bjas.v38i1-2.9923","article-title":"Pigeon farm in Gingouripur Upazila of Mymensingh district","volume":"38","author":"Asaduzzaman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bang. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6670007","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6670007","article-title":"D-Limonene alleviates acute kidney injury following gentamicin administration in rats: role of NF-\u03baB pathway, mitochondrial apoptosis, oxidative stress, and PCNA","volume":"2021","author":"Babaeenezhad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0015","first-page":"14","article-title":"An ex vivo, assessor blind, randomised, parallel group, comparative efficacy trial of the ovicidal activity of three pediculicides after a single application - melaleuca oil and lavender oil, eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil, and a \u201csuffocation\u201d pediculicide","volume-title":"BMC Dermatol","author":"Barker","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02000","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02000","article-title":"Botanical insecticide formulation with neem oil and D-limonene for coffee borer control.","volume":"56","author":"de Brito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria Brasileira"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.09.005","article-title":"The ectoparasites of hybrid ducks in New Zealand (Mallard x Grey Duck)","volume":"7","author":"Bulgarella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.07.003","article-title":"Chewing lice from wild birds in northern Greece","volume":"66","author":"Diakou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2004113311","article-title":"Parasites of Columba livia (Aves: Columbiformes) in Tenerife (Canary Islands) and their role in the conservation biology of the Laurel pigeons","volume":"1","author":"Foronda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"D-limonene nanoemulsion: lousicidal activity, stability, and effect on the cuticle of Columbicola columbae.","author":"Gadelhaq","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Veterinary Entomol"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4781-8","article-title":"The potential application of plant essential oils to control Pediculus hu- manus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae)","volume":"115","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-002-0057-4","article-title":"Prevention of liver cancer","volume":"4","author":"Guyton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.268206","article-title":"In vitro cytotoxicity assay of D-limonene niosomes: an efficient nano-carrier for enhancing solubility of plant-extracted agents","volume":"14","author":"Hajizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Pharm. Sci"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2008.02.013","article-title":"Preparation of durable insect repellent cotton fabric: limonene as insecticide","volume":"74","author":"Hebeish","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1993","article-title":"Enhanced repellency of binary mixtures of Zanthoxylum piperitum pericarp steam distillate or Zanthoxylum armatum seed oil constituents and Calophyllum inophyllum nut oil and their aerosols to Stomoxys calcitrans","volume":"66","author":"Hieu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-015-0725-6","article-title":"Prevalence of external parasites of pigeon in Zabol, southeast of Iran","volume":"40","author":"Jahantigh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2013.12.003","article-title":"Lousicidal efficacy of camphor oil, d-phenothrin, and deltamethrin against the slender pigeon louse, Columbicola columbae","volume":"2","author":"Khater","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2013.769418","article-title":"Safety evaluation and risk assessment of d-limonene","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(89)90007-0","article-title":"d-Limonene-induced male rat-specific nephrotoxicity: evaluation of the association between d-limonene and \u03b12u-globulin","volume":"99","author":"Lehman-Mckeeman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3923\/rjet.2011.81.96","article-title":"Synthetic chemical pesticides and their effects on birds","volume":"5","author":"Mitra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. J. Environ. Toxicol"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1833-y","article-title":"Response of Pediculus humanus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera) to water or 70% ethanol immersion and determination of optimal times for measuring toxic effects","volume":"106","author":"Mougabure Cueto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.13005\/ojc\/350424","article-title":"The activity of D-Limonene from Sweet Orange Peel (Citrus Sinensis L.) extract as a natural insecticide controller of Bedbugs (Cimex cimicidae)","volume":"35","author":"Mursiti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orient. J. Chem"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0033","first-page":"1283","article-title":"Socio-economic analysis of pigeon production systems in Al-Sharqia governorate, Egypt","volume":"36","author":"Omar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Egypt. Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2020.104643","article-title":"Insecticidal and biochemical activity of essential oil from Citrus sinensis peel and constituents on Callosobrunchus maculatus and Sitophilus zeamais","volume":"168","author":"Oyedeji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0035","first-page":"78","article-title":"Comparative testing of some insecticides for control of mallophagosis in chickens","volume":"6","author":"Prelezov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trakia J. Sci"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-011-0002-3","article-title":"Biodiversity and prevalence of parasites of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in a selected semiarid zone of South Khorasan, Iran","volume":"44","author":"Radfar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Pro"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.01.001","article-title":"Histopathological and biochemical assessment of d-limonene-induced liver injury in rats","volume":"9","author":"Ramos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42690-021-00492-w","article-title":"Accidental intestinal myiasis caused by Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae in broiler chickens: a field study","author":"Salem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.10.042","article-title":"The prevalence and intensity of external parasites in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Egypt with special reference to the role of deltamethrin as insecticidal agent","volume":"29","author":"Salem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz020","article-title":"Effects of laboratory grade limonene and a commercial limonene-based insecticide on Haematobia irritans irritans (Muscidae: Diptera): deterrence, mortality, and reproduction","volume":"V 56","author":"Showler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.31018\/jans.v2i1.111","article-title":"Feeding and reproductive behaviour of pigeon slender louse, Columbicola columbae (Phthiraptera, Insecta, Ischnocera)","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Nat. Sci"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0588-2","article-title":"Lousicidal effect of deltamethrin in domestic pigeons","volume":"40","author":"Sivajothi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0043","first-page":"259","article-title":"D-Limonene: safety and clinical applications","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Altern. Med. Rev"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11110740","article-title":"Physicochemical characteristics of four limonene-based nanoemulsions and their larvicidal properties against two mosquito species, Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens molestus","volume":"11","author":"Theochari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0045","first-page":"27","article-title":"Preliminary studies on the effects of d-limonene to workers of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa and its implications for control","volume":"64","author":"Verza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Insectol"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.08.005","article-title":"Ovicidal and adulticidal activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil compounds and related compounds against Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculicidae)","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5083-5","article-title":"Chemical composition and efficacy of some selected plant oils against Pediculus humanus capitis in vitro","volume":"115","author":"Yones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res"},{"key":"2023011214430329400_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S155716","article-title":"d-Limonene exhibits antitumor activity by inducing autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer","volume":"4","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/60\/1\/148\/48651638\/tjac178.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/60\/1\/148\/48651638\/tjac178.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T19:32:17Z","timestamp":1673551937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article\/60\/1\/148\/6833125"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Erika","family":"Machtinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjac178","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2585","1938-2928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2585","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]}}}