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Lloyd Huck endowment"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression during important biological processes including development and pathogen defense in most living organisms. Presently, no miRNAs have been identified in the mosquito Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae), one of the most important vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America. We used small RNA sequencing data and in vitro and in vivo experiments to identify and validate a repertoire of miRNAs in Cx. tarsalis mosquitoes. Using bioinformatic approaches we analyzed small RNA sequences from the Cx. tarsalis CT embryonic cell line to discover orthologs for 86 miRNAs. Consistent with other mosquitoes such as Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus, miR-184 was found to be the most abundant miRNA in Cx. tarsalis. We also identified 20 novel miRNAs from the recently sequenced Cx. tarsalis genome, for a total of 106 miRNAs identified in this study. The presence of selected miRNAs was biologically validated in both the CT cell line and in adult Cx. tarsalis mosquitoes using RT\u2013qPCR and sequencing. These results will open new avenues of research into the role of miRNAs in Cx. tarsalis biology, including development, metabolism, immunity, and pathogen infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjac182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T13:20:55Z","timestamp":1670419255000},"page":"182-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of MicroRNAs in the West Nile Virus Vector <i>Culex tarsalis<\/i> (Diptera: Culicidae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sultan","family":"Asad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M","family":"Mehdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sujit","family":"Pujhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"R\u00fcckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada Reno , Reno, NV, 89557 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, 80523 , USA and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory D","family":"Ebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, 80523 , USA and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4050-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason L","family":"Rasgon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023120715122305600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02073","article-title":"MicroRNA functions in animal development and human disease","volume":"132","author":"Alvarez-Garcia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development."},{"key":"2023120715122305600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1772-z","article-title":"Evaluation of high-throughput isomiR identification tools: illuminating the early isomiRome of Tribolium castaneum","volume":"18","author":"Amsel","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"2023120715122305600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W530","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz415","article-title":"sRNAbench and sRNAtoolbox 2019: intuitive fast small RNA profiling and differential expression","volume":"47","author":"Aparicio-Puerta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023120715122305600_CIT0004","first-page":"19","article-title":"Chapter two - microRNAs as regulators of insect host\u2013pathogen interactions and immunity,","volume-title":"Advances in insect physiology","author":"Asgari","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023120715122305600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3103-2","article-title":"Culex tarsalis is a competent vector species for Cache Valley virus","volume":"11","author":"Ayers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. 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