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Nonetheless, host-feeding preferences, along with naturally infecting RNA viruses in certain Culex species, remain understudied. In this study, selected blood-fed mosquitoes were processed for avian and mammalian blood meal source identification. Concurrently, cell culture propagation and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches were used to determine the RNA virome of Culex mosquitoes collected in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The identification of blood meal sources from wild-caught Culex spp. revealed that Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901, has a robust preference toward wild boar (62%, 26\/42), followed by heron (21%, 9\/42). The other two species, Culex (Oculeomyia) bitaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901, and Culex (Culex) orientalis Edwards, 1921, showed a distinct preference for avian species, including migratory birds. From the HTS results, 34 virus sequences were detected, four of which were newly identified virus sequences of unclassified Aspiviridae, Qinviridae, Iflaviridae, and Picornaviridae. The absence of observable cytopathic effects in mammalian cells and phylogenetic analysis suggested that all identified virus sequences were insect-specific. Further investigations involving other mosquito populations collected in different areas are warranted to explore previously unknown vertebrate hosts that may be linked to JEV dispersal in nature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T14:28:53Z","timestamp":1680877733000},"page":"620-628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Blood meal source identification and RNA virome determination in Japanese encephalitis virus vectors collected in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, show distinct avian\/mammalian host preference"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8688-2312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astri Nur","family":"Faizah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Sawabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Isawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2023051216172836300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2008.333","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis: Surveillance and elimination effort in Japan from 1982 to 2004","volume":"61","author":"Arai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023051216172836300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.198","article-title":"Short Report: observations on the multiple feeding behavior of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae), the vector of Japanese encephalitis in Kerala in Southern India","volume":"72","author":"Arunachalam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023051216172836300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/v10010030","article-title":"Metagenomic virome analysis of Culex mosquitoes from Kenya and China","volume":"10","author":"Atoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2023051216172836300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1nzfgj7","volume-title":"Phylogeography. 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