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A total of 48,386 I. scapularis were individually analyzed using a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to simultaneously detect the presence of Bo. miyamotoi, Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), and Babesia microti (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae). Overall prevalence of Bo. miyamotoi in host-seeking nymphs and adults varied geographically and temporally at the regional level. The rate of polymicrobial infection in Bo. miyamotoi-infected ticks varied by developmental stage, with certain co-infections occurring more frequently than expected by chance. Entomological risk of exposure to Bo. miyamotoi-infected nymphal and adult ticks (entomological risk index [ERI]) across NYS regions in relation to human cases of Bo. miyamotoi disease identified during the study period demonstrated spatial and temporal variation. The relationship between select environmental factors and Bo. miyamotoi ERI was explored using generalized linear mixed effects models, resulting in different factors significantly impacting ERI for nymphs and adult ticks. These results can inform estimates of Bo. miyamotoi disease risk and further our understanding of Bo. miyamotoi ecological dynamics in regions where this pathogen is known to occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T21:53:29Z","timestamp":1683582809000},"page":"808-821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Spatiotemporal distribution of <i>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/i> (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) and coinfection with other tick-borne pathogens in host-seeking <i>Ixodes scapularis<\/i> (Acari: Ixodidae) from New York State, USA"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0268-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Foley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Cornell University , 3138\/2130 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 , 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Louis Calder Center , 53 Whippoorwill Road, Armonk, NY 10504 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2143-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JoAnne","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control , Central New York Regional Office, 217 South Salina Street, 3rd Floor, Syracuse, NY 13202 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Haight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control , Chautauqua County DPF Offices, 454 North Work Street, Room B-05, Falconer, NY 14733 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Ann","family":"Sporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Smith\u2019s College , State Routes 30 and 86, Paul Smiths, NY 12970 , 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