{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:52:29Z","timestamp":1790329949799,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>West Nile virus (WNV) invaded the continental United States over 20 years ago and continues to cause yearly seasonal outbreaks of human and veterinary disease. In the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, ultra-low volume (ULV) truck-mounted adulticide spraying frequently is performed to reduce populations of Culex restuans Theobald and Cx. pipiens L. mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an effort to lower the risk of WNV transmission. The effectiveness of this control method has not been rigorously evaluated, and evidence for Culex population reduction after ULV adulticide spraying has been inconclusive. Therefore, we evaluated the results of 5 sequential weekly truck-mounted adulticide applications of Zenivex\u00ae E20 (etofenprox) in 2 paired sites located in Cook County, IL, during the summer of 2018. Mosquito population abundance, age structure, and WNV infection prevalence were monitored and compared between paired treatment and nearby control sites. Adulticide treatment did not result in consistent short-term or long-term reductions in target WNV vector Culex abundance. However, there was a significant increase in the proportion of nulliparous females in the treated sites compared to control sites and a decrease in Cx. pipiens WNV infection rates at one of the treated sites. This evidence that ULV adulticide spraying altered the age structure and WNV infection prevalence in a vector population has important implications for WNV transmission risk management. Our findings also underscore the importance of measuring these important indicators in addition to abundance metrics when evaluating the efficacy of control methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T23:21:37Z","timestamp":1689895297000},"page":"1108-1116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ultra-low volume (ULV) adulticide treatment impacts age structure of <i>Culex<\/i> species (Diptera: Culicidae) in a West Nile virus hotspot"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3117-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI , USA"},{"name":"Northwest Mosquito Abatement District , Wheeling, IL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4431-2482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gebienna M","family":"Bron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI , USA"},{"name":"Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Animal Science Group, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, NL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7180-7392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Paskewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5149-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyric","family":"Bartholomay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023091211181582700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017413","article-title":"Mosquito surveillance for West Nile virus in Connecticut, 2000: isolation from Culex pipiens, Cx. restuans, Cx. salinarius, and Culiseta melanura","volume":"7","author":"Andreadis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infec Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091211181582700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models 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