{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:49:14Z","timestamp":1781855354781,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CK000651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CK000505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) to the United States over 20 years ago, thousands of cases of human disease and death have been reported. Yearly seasonal outbreaks continue to persist, and the city and suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, is considered a \u201chot spot\u201d for WNV activity. To interrupt WNV transmission, ground ultra-low volume (ULV) adulticide applications are regularly used to reduce Culex pipiens L. and Culex restuans Theobold (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance and infection. The real-world effectiveness of adulticide applications has not been comprehensively assessed, and prior studies, including our own investigation, have yielded inconclusive or conflicting results. Therefore, we expanded our prior work and evaluated the effects of 5 sequential weekly truck-mounted ULV adulticide applications in large residential areas in the northern suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, in 2019 and 2020. Each day, Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans host-seeking and gravid mosquitoes were collected to assess abundance, age structure, and WNV infection rates. Adulticide applications resulted in significant reductions of both host-seeking and gravid abundance on the night of treatment. The reduction in host-seeking mosquitoes was followed by a reduction in gravid mosquitoes trapped 3 and 4 days after adulticide application and an increase in the proportion of nulliparous mosquitoes. WNV infection rates were significantly reduced in treatment sites as compared to untreated sites when infection rates were higher in 2020. This large-scale study provides comprehensive evidence that ground ULV adulticide applications are an effective tool in an integrated mosquito management program for combating WNV vectors and infection risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjae041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T20:26:56Z","timestamp":1711398416000},"page":"1043-1053","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impacts of ground ultra-low volume adulticide applications on <i>Culex pipiens<\/i> and <i>Culex restuans<\/i> (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance, age structure, and West Nile virus infection in Cook County, Illinois"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5040-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Susong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3117-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Northwest Mosquito Abatement District , Wheeling, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7180-7392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Paskewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5149-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyric","family":"Bartholomay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052404171058300_CIT0001","first-page":"8","article-title":"Global evaluation of taxonomic relationships and admixture within the Culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes","volume-title":"Parasit Vectors","author":"Aardema","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025052404171058300_CIT0002","volume-title":"Best practices for integrated mosquito management","author":"AMCA","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025052404171058300_CIT0003","first-page":"137","article-title":"The contribution of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes to transmission and persistence of West Nile virus in North America","volume-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","author":"Andreadis","year":"2012"},{"key":"2025052404171058300_CIT0004","first-page":"670","article-title":"Mosquito surveillance for West Nile virus in Connecticut, 2000: isolation from Culex pipiens,","volume-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","author":"Andreadis","year":"2001"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025052404171058300_CIT0005","first-page":"22","article-title":"Spatial analysis of the impact of \u201cDo Not Spray\u201d areas on mosquito adulticiding in the suburbs of Northwest Chicago, Illinois","volume":"84","author":"Bartlett","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Environ Health"},{"key":"2025052404171058300_CIT0006","volume-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. 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