{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:26:11Z","timestamp":1791905171582,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The range of Babesia microti (Franca, 1910)-infected ticks is expanding, resulting in locally acquired human babesiosis cases occurring in new areas: Maryland (2009), the District of Columbia (2013), Virginia (2016), and West Virginia (2017). We collected host-seeking ticks from old fields, ecotones, forested habitats and animal hosts in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, 2010 to 2024. Ixodes scapularis Say, the tick vector of babesiosis, was captured in all 3 states. PCR revealed B. microti in 2.7% (36\/1310) of I. scapularis, with site prevalence ranging from &amp;lt;1% to 12.5% infected. The first B. microti-positive I. scapularis was collected in Northampton County, Virginia, 2012. Of the B. microti-infected ticks, 50% (18\/36) were coinfected with Borrelia burgdorferi and one was triple-infected with B. microti, B. burgdorferi, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. We collected Ixodes keiransi Beati, Nava, Venzal, and Guglielmone ticks from Delaware and Virginia. We found B. microti and B. burgdorferi in those from Virginia, and B. burgdorferi in ticks from a shrew in Delaware. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. microti and B. burgdorferi-positive I. keiransi from Virginia, and the first report of B. burgdorferi-positive I. keiransi from Delaware. Ixodes keiransi ticks rarely bite humans but are involved in the maintenance and spread of pathogens when sympatric with I. scapularis. We tested a subset of both tick species for Babesia duncani; none were positive. Jurisdictions in the southern mid-Atlantic region should expect babesiosis cases, and Lyme disease and anaplasmosis coinfections, and healthcare providers should consider these tick-borne infections as part of the differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaf054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T09:21:01Z","timestamp":1745313661000},"page":"995-1008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Emerging babesiosis in the mid-Atlantic: autochthonous human babesiosis cases and\n                    <i>Babesia microti<\/i>\n                    (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) in\n                    <i>Ixodes scapularis<\/i>\n                    (Acari: Ixodidae) and\n                    <i>Ixodes keiransi<\/i>\n                    (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks from Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia, 2009 to 2024"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5075-3166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen Y","family":"Stromdahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Centers for Public Health\u2013Aberdeen, DHA Public Health , Edgewood, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4653-8802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Department of Health , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn M","family":"Nadolny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Centers for Public Health\u2013Aberdeen, DHA Public Health , Edgewood, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley C","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Mosquito Control Section , Newark, DE ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4080-2860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary J","family":"Bement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Buoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delaware Technical Community College , Georgetown, DE ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4352-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Rutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Department of Health , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C","family":"Broyhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Department of Health , Richmond, VA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Bernick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Department of Health , Richmond, VA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6259-6175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R Jory","family":"Brinkerhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Richmond , Richmond, VA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal , Pietermaritzburg ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Ayuk-Takor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DC Health , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Crum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Department of Health , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre J","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"US Food & Drug Administration , Laurel, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Dotseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia Department of Health , Charleston, WV ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Flammia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Department of Health , Richmond, VA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Girone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Department of Health , Richmond, VA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gaines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Department of Health , Richmond, VA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobbi S","family":"Pritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siok-Bi","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Department of Health , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4034-2684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly D","family":"Gaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Rd. , Durban ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3998-7781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne L","family":"Hynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA 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