{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:08Z","timestamp":1785456008325,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a key activator and attractant for mosquitoes during host-seeking and is routinely used to bait traps. However, deploying CO2 via dry ice, compressed gas, sugar-yeast reactions, or carbonate-acid systems can be expensive, short-lived, and labor-intensive. We evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available, mycelium-based CO2 source (ExHale bag) for attracting mosquitoes to passive and active traps. Originally developed for greenhouse use, the ExHale bag provides sustained CO2 release for up to 6 mo. Under semi-field conditions, we compared Biogents gravid Aedes traps (BG-GAT) with and without ExHale using single or mixed groups of 3 vector mosquito species (Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes aegypti). A field validation was also conducted to assess the efficacy of ExHale in both BG-GAT and BG-Sentinel traps. Our semi-field findings revealed that BG-GATs baited with ExHale captured significantly more mosquitoes than unbaited traps in both single-species (15.2 to 92.3\u00d7) and mixed-species (21.7\u00d7) tests. In field trials, ExHale-baited BG-GATs collected significantly more mosquitoes, including a broader range of species, at coastal forest (9.1\u00d7) and suburban (47.5\u00d7) sites. BG-Sentinel traps baited with ExHale also collected more female mosquitoes (1.4\u00d7), though the difference was not statistically significant. Our results indicate that ExHale, when coupled with a passive trap, provides an economical and effective trapping system for vector mosquitoes. The long effective period of CO2 production is advantageous for large-scale mosquito surveillance, particularly in remote field sites and developing countries, where CO2 may be prohibitively expensive or difficult to obtain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaf091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T11:50:30Z","timestamp":1751370630000},"page":"1338-1343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A mycelium-based carbon dioxide source for trapping vector mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6931-7653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida , Vero Beach, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanise Moitinho S","family":"Stenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida , Vero Beach, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilma M","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida , Vero Beach, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan N","family":"Rockwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida , Vero Beach, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9337-3544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryna C","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida , Vero Beach, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miles T","family":"McCollum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida , Vero Beach, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colton R","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida , Vero Beach, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6168-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan D","family":"Burkett\u2011Cadena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida , Vero Beach, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100818171055100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11557-019-01517-y","article-title":"Testing a co-formulation of CO2-releasing material with an entomopathogenic fungus for the management of subterranean termite pests","volume":"18","author":"Ambele","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycol. 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