{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:06:33Z","timestamp":1792785993791,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"New England Center of Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases","award":["U01CK000661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000661"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03Al159287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03Al159287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) contributes indirectly to the enzootic circulation of the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi by serving as the primary reproductive host for adult-stage blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). The role of white-tailed deer as a host for juvenile life stages is less well understood, in part because their periods of activity typically fall outside of most white-tailed deer hunting seasons. We inspected 22 road-killed deer for all stages of blacklegged ticks in Rutland County, Vermont from May to August in 2020, 2021, and 2024. Adult-stage blacklegged ticks were found attached to ten deer in May and early June. Larval-stage ticks, including ones that were partially engorged, were found on 3\/5 deer inspected by hanging the head, hide, and legs over water for approximately 24 hours. We directly observed 7 nymphal-stage ticks attached to one additional deer. This study adds to a growing body of evidence that the role of juvenile feeding on white-tailed deer may be underestimated and demonstrates that the study of road-killed deer may improve our understanding of how populations of blacklegged ticks are maintained among wildlife communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaf094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T10:56:44Z","timestamp":1752317804000},"page":"1372-1376","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dead deer do tell tales: infestation of road-killed white-tailed deer by juvenile\n                    <i>Ixodes scapularis<\/i>\n                    (Ixodida: Ixodidae) ticks"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2956-4251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William J","family":"Landesman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Vermont State University , 337 College Hill Road, Johnson, VT 05656 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail C","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vermont Department of Fish & Wildlife , 271 North Main Street, Suite 215, Rutland, VT 05701 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1155-3271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian F","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.739","article-title":"Diversity of Babesia infecting deer ticks (Ixodes dammini)","volume":"58","author":"Armstrong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab169","article-title":"A geographic information system approach to map tick exposure risk at a scale for public health intervention","volume":"59","author":"Baldwin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.04.006","article-title":"The role of Ixodes scapularis, Borrelia burgdorferi and wildlife hosts in Lyme disease prevalence: a quantitative review","volume":"9","author":"Halsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.10.013","article-title":"High burdens of Ixodes scapularis larval ticks on white-tailed deer may limit Lyme disease risk in a low biodiversity setting","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.3.1248-1251.1998","article-title":"Serum complement sensitivity as a key factor in Lyme disease ecology","volume":"66","author":"Kurtenbach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-842x(01)02298-3","article-title":"Host association of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato\u2014the key role of host complement","volume":"10","author":"Kurtenbach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fiz167","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiz167","article-title":"Cross-kingdom analysis of nymphal-stage Ixodes scapularis microbial communities in relation to Borrelia burgdorferi infection and load","volume":"95","author":"Landesman","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130556","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0556","article-title":"Accelerated phenology of blacklegged ticks under climate warming","volume":"370","author":"Levi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0233733100","article-title":"The ecology of infectious disease: effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk","volume":"100","author":"LoGiudice","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1890\/07-1047.1","article-title":"Impact of host community composition on Lyme disease risk","volume":"89","author":"LoGiudice","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.02.016","article-title":"Babesia odocoilei and zoonotic pathogens identified from Ixodes scapularis ticks in southern Ontario, Canada","volume":"10","author":"Milnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[1232:CMKOBB]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Complement-mediated killing of Borrelia burgdorferi by nonimmune sera from sika deer","volume":"86","author":"Nelson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Parasitol"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0013","first-page":"1","volume-title":"A guide to time of death in selected wildlife species","author":"Oates","year":"1984"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2006)87[1981:ldaltt]2.0.co;2","article-title":"Localized deer absence leads to tick amplification","volume":"87","author":"Perkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/72.6.829","article-title":"Host-associations and seasonal abundance of immature Ixodes dammini in southeastern Massachusetts","volume":"72","author":"Piesman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/15.5-6.537","article-title":"Role of deer in the epizootiology of Babesia microti in Massachusetts, USA","volume":"15","author":"Piesman","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.2.179","article-title":"Deer density and the abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"40","author":"Rand","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101724","article-title":"Dilution and amplification effects in Lyme disease: modeling the effects of reservoir-incompetent hosts on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto transmission","volume":"12","author":"Ratti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1656\/045.020.0116","article-title":"Distribution of ticks and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in the upper Connecticut river valley of Vermont","volume":"20","author":"Serra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Northeast. Nat"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.6.986","article-title":"Reduced abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) with exclusion of deer by electric fencing","volume":"30","author":"Stafford","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/33.1.183","article-title":"Presence of Ixodiphagus hookeri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in two Connecticut populations of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"33","author":"Stafford","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.39.105","article-title":"Incompetence of deer as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete","volume":"39","author":"Telford","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-014-9795-x","article-title":"Detachment of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from hunted sika deer (Cervus nippon)","volume":"63","author":"Tsunoda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol"},{"key":"2025100818172468200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-12.1.66","article-title":"Ixodes scapularis Say on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Long Point, Ontario","volume":"12","author":"Watson","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/62\/5\/1372\/63733924\/tjaf094.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/62\/5\/1372\/63733924\/tjaf094.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:17:28Z","timestamp":1759961848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article\/62\/5\/1372\/8197836"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Risa","family":"Pesapane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjaf094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2585","1938-2928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2585","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]}}}