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However, the extent of genetic variation within and between the 2 types remains largely unexamined. To address this gap in the literature, we performed mitochondrial genome sequencing and additionally developed a rapid and cost-effective identification method that may facilitate efficient vector management and research. The method for type identification is based on a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, targeting type-specific sequence variations in the COI region. Phylogenetic analysis using mtDNA confirmed that Ct-C and Ct-J represent genetically distinct taxa within the genus Culex. The proposed molecular identification method has been validated to effectively differentiate between the 2 types in the ROK. Early detection of cryptic invasions is critical for effective vector management. The results of this study confirm that the 2 types of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, the primary vector of JEV, represent genetically distinct lineages. These findings may serve as a foundational reference for developing vector control strategies aimed at suppressing JEV in East Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaf192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:29:05Z","timestamp":1769160545000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mitochondrial genome analysis and molecular identification of two\n                    <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus<\/i>\n                    (Diptera: Culicidae) clades from the Republic of Korea"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6624-9824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiseung","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-1497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin J","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Liverpool,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang Shik","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031200514381400_tjaf192-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010543","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010543","article-title":"Two hidden taxa in the Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and the potential for long-distance migration from overseas to Japan","volume":"16","author":"Arai","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. 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