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However, this depends on the traps\u2019 ability to capture multiple vector families. This study compares 3 commercially available traps, BG-Sentinel 2, BG-Trap Station as a combination of a BG-Pro and Gravid trap, and the Encephalitis Virus Surveillance trap, with the VectorCube, a newly developed prototype. Multiple openings enable multidirectional vector capture, and color cues can be easily attached and changed. All traps were tested under a uniform, carbon dioxide flow rate at 10 sampling sites (6 in Germany and 4 in Gabon) using a 4\u2009\u00d7\u20094 Latin square design. Each site completed at least 1 full Latin square rotation, resulting in 48 trap comparison days. A total of 3,477 blood-seeking insects from 6 families were captured: 2,797 Culicidae, 324 Simuliidae, 268 Ceratopogonidae, 76 Muscidae, 8 Glossinidae, and 4 Psychodidae. Most Culicidae were collected with the BG-Sentinel 2 followed by the VectorCube. The VectorCube captured the majority of Simuliidae, Muscidae, and Glossinidae observed in this study, while Psychodidae were exclusively collected with BG-Sentinel 2 and BG-Trap Station in Gabon. Mean family richness per trapping session was highest in the VectorCube, followed by BG-Sentinel 2, BG-Trap Station, and Encephalitis Virus Surveillance trap. Overall, the VectorCube and BG-Sentinel 2 demonstrated the highest performance in vector abundance and diversity, driven primarily by high Culicidae catches, whereas captures of non-mosquito hematophagous Diptera occured at lower frequencies and were more site-dependent, including sporadic captures of larger-bodied vectors such as Muscidae and Glossinidae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjag042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:28:58Z","timestamp":1774434538000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of 4 adult trap types including the newly developed VectorCube for surveillance of multiple vector groups"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5996-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leif","family":"Rauh\u00f6ft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Tomazatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2710-4929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Eisenbarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg , Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor E","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara M","family":"Martins Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ange G","family":"Doumba-Ndalembouly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 , Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0563-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pride","family":"Duve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Unchana","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ay\u00f4la A","family":"Adegnika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 , Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen , T\u00fcbingen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Site T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ramharter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg\u2013L\u00fcbeck\u2013Borstel\u2013Riems , Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Division of Tropical Medicine, I. 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