{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:49:37Z","timestamp":1791521377796,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Flea-borne rickettsiosis occurs worldwide and includes a number of pathogens, namely, Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis. Most studies in the United States have occurred in southern Texas and California where flea-borne rickettsiosis is endemic, resulting in a lack of information from other regions of the country. Between March and August 2016, 222 fleas were collected from 52 client-owned dogs and cats in two urban areas in Oklahoma. Fleas were identified using morphological characteristics then pooled and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using published primers for gltA, ompB, and 17-kDa. The majority (98.6%) of fleas collected were Ctenocephalides felis (Bouch\u00e9) followed by Pulex irritans (L) (1.4%). Overall, fleas collected from 30.0% (6\/20) cats and 43.8% (14\/32) dogs were infected with R. felis. Three C. felis-pools collected from three dogs, two in the Enid area (central Oklahoma) and one in the Elk City area (western Oklahoma), were infected with R. typhi as well as R. felis. \u2018Candidatus R. senegalensis\u2019 was detected in one pool of fleas taken from a cat in Oklahoma City. This is the first evidence that flea-borne Rickettsia species occur in fleas obtained from client-owned dogs and cats in the Great Plains region. The impact of these Rickettsia species on public health in the region needs further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,2]],"date-time":"2017-07-02T09:53:25Z","timestamp":1498989205000},"page":"1093-1097","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["First Detection of <i>Rickettsia typhi<\/i> and <i>Rickettsia felis<\/i> in Fleas Collected From Client-Owned Companion Animals in the Southern Great Plains"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Bruce H","family":"Noden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 (bruce.noden@okstate.edu; suzanld@ostatemail.okstate.edu; lysmi@ostatemail.okstate.edu; faithfu@ostatemail.okstate.edu),"},{"name":"1Corresponding author, e-mail: bruce.noden@okstate.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanna","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 (bruce.noden@okstate.edu; suzanld@ostatemail.okstate.edu; lysmi@ostatemail.okstate.edu; faithfu@ostatemail.okstate.edu),"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haven T","family":"Herdlitchka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 (bruce.noden@okstate.edu; suzanld@ostatemail.okstate.edu; lysmi@ostatemail.okstate.edu; faithfu@ostatemail.okstate.edu),"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faithful","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 (bruce.noden@okstate.edu; suzanld@ostatemail.okstate.edu; lysmi@ostatemail.okstate.edu; faithfu@ostatemail.okstate.edu),"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01017.x","article-title":"Rickettsia felis in cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis parasitizing opossums, San Bernardino County, California","volume":"26","author":"Abramowicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.091028","article-title":"Murine typhus in Austin, Texas, USA, 2008","volume":"16","author":"Adjemian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.04.009","article-title":"Rickettsia felis: The complex journey of an emergent human pathogen","volume":"32","author":"Angelakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.35.010190.003005","article-title":"Epidemiology of murine typhus","volume":"35","author":"Azad","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0303.970308","article-title":"Flea-borne rickettsioses: Ecologic considerations","volume":"3","author":"Azad","year":"1997","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6502a1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other spotted fever group rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis - United States","volume":"65","author":"Biggs","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1869","article-title":"Detection of rickettsia species in fleas collected from cats in regions endemic and nonendemic for flea-borne rickettsioses in California","volume":"16","author":"Billeter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0197","article-title":"Opossums and cat fleas: New insights in the ecology of murine typhus in Galveston, Texas","volume":"95","author":"Blanton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0806.010350","article-title":"Geographic association of Rickettsia felis-infected opossums with human murine typhus, Texas","volume":"8","author":"Boostrom","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-016-0070-6","article-title":"Rickettsia felis, an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Trop. Med. Rep"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B11","author":"(CDC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2006"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1894\/MD-13.1","article-title":"Parasites of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in the Oklahoma Panhandle","volume":"54","author":"Criffield","year":"2009","journal-title":"Southwest. Nat"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11291","article-title":"Two pathogens and one disease: detection and identification of flea-borne Rickettsiae in areas endemic for murine typhus in California","volume":"49","author":"Eremeeva","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.080571","article-title":"Rickettsia typhi and R. felis in rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), Oahu, Hawaii","volume":"14","author":"Eremeeva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B15","volume-title":"Manual of medical entomology","author":"Furman","year":"1982","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2006.12.005","article-title":"Prevalence of Rickettsia felis DNA in the blood of cats and their fleas in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Hawley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2006.06.002","article-title":"Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays to detect Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis, the causative agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever","volume":"21","author":"Henry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00147.x","article-title":"Molecular identification of rickettsia-like microorganisms associated with colonized cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis)","volume":"3","author":"Higgins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02140.x","article-title":"Detection of Rickettsia felis and Rickettsia typhi in an area of California endemic for murine typhus","volume":"15","author":"Karpathy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.90-98.2004","article-title":"Rickettsia species infecting Amblyomma cooperi ticks from an area in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, where Brazilian spotted fever is endemic","volume":"42","author":"Labruna","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0160604","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160604","article-title":"Rickettsial infections among Ctenocephalides felis and host animals during a flea-borne rickettsioses outbreak in Orange County, California","volume":"11","author":"Maina","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200011000-00018","article-title":"Rickettsia typhi seroprevalence among children in the Southeast United States","volume":"19","author":"Marshall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1086\/319351","article-title":"Epidemic typhus meningitis in the southwestern United States","volume":"32","author":"Massung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2014.10.005","article-title":"Candidatus \u2032Rickettsia senegalensis\u2032 in cat fleas in Senegal","volume":"3","author":"Mediannikov","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.10.007","article-title":"Risk of encountering ticks and tick-borne pathogens in a rapidly growing metropolitan area in the U.S. Great Plains","volume":"8","author":"Noden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.11.043","article-title":"The role of dogs in the eco-epidemiology of Rickettsia typhi, etiological agent of Murine typhus","volume":"163","author":"Nogueras","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1111R1.1","article-title":"Bartonella and Rickettsia from fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) from the western United States","volume":"93","author":"Reeves","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Parasitol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-4-1449","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of members of the genus Rickettsia using the gene encoding the outer-membrane protein rOmpB (ompB)","volume":"50","author":"Roux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B29","author":"Salazar","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.4.949-954.1994","article-title":"Identification of a novel rickettsial infection in a patient diagnosed with murine typhus","volume":"32","author":"Schriefer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.07.034","article-title":"Ectoparasites of free-roaming domestic cats in the central United States","volume":"228","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.12.2866-2868.1989","article-title":"Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii DNA in clinical specimens by using polymerase chain reaction technology","volume":"27","author":"Tzianabos","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024030613482185300_tjx069-B33","first-page":"31","article-title":"Commensal rat ectoparasite collections in Oklahoma","volume":"5","author":"Wilcomb","year":"1952","journal-title":"Public Health Monogr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/54\/4\/1093\/56875275\/jme_54_4_1093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/54\/4\/1093\/56875275\/jme_54_4_1093.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T13:48:41Z","timestamp":1709732921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article\/54\/4\/1093\/3090951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,25]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjx069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2585","1938-2928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2585","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,25]]}}}