{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:51:17Z","timestamp":1789624277585,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013101","name":"National Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius is one of the most common myiasis-causing and carrion-feeding fly species in the tropics. This species has a worldwide distribution due to globalization and therefore is of critical importance to the public health sector and forensic investigations. Development studies carried worldwide show that Ch. megacephala reared at similar temperatures may require different amounts of time to complete their cycle of growth. The present study determined for the first time the life-history information of this species in Sri Lanka. Chrysomya megacephala colonies were reared on three different food sources (bovine muscle, swine muscle, and swine liver) considering the most common forensic entomology rearing mediums and the capability of Ch. megacephala to cause myiasis in cattle. Furthermore, colonies were reared at four temperature regimes representing several specific development conditions of this blowfly: 1) 20\u00b0C representing the estimation of the lower developmental threshold for this species in Sri Lanka; 2) 25 and 27\u00b0C representing typical room\/environmental temperatures in Sri Lanka; and 3) 38\u00b0C as this is the typical living animal temperature, representing myiasis conditions. Results show that temperature significantly affected larval length and width over time; however, tissue type was not a significant factor. The fastest development was recorded at 38\u00b0C for immature feeding on bovine muscle (162.15 h), followed by those fed swine liver (184.15 h) and swine muscle (208.00 h). The calculated minimum temperature threshold for Ch. megacephala was 13\u00b0C. Data generated will be crucial for future forensic investigations involving living or deceased individuals colonized by this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T08:10:05Z","timestamp":1561018205000},"page":"1571-1581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effect of Temperature and Tissue Type on the Development of the Forensic Fly Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Y Tharindu B","family":"Bambaradeniya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1483-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W A Inoka P","family":"Karunaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery K","family":"Tomberlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Induwara","family":"Goonerathne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasika B","family":"Kotakadeniya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola A","family":"Magni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0001","first-page":"767","article-title":"Effects of temperature on the development of Calliphorid fly of forensic importance Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794)","volume":"5","author":"Abd-Algalil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Appl. Res"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-006-0086-x","article-title":"Best practice in forensic entomology \u2013 standards and guidelines","volume":"121","author":"Amendt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9820541","article-title":"Insect pollination of mango in northern Australia Mangifera indica, includes Apis mellifera","volume":"33","author":"Anderson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Aust. J. Agric. Res"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4038\/sljfmsl.v7i1.7771","article-title":"Use of development data to estimate colonization time of the myiasis-causing fly, Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae) collected from human wounds","volume":"7","author":"Bambaradeniya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sri Lanka J. Forensic Med. Sci. Law"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Temperature and tissue type impact development of Lucilia cuprina (Diptera; Calliphoridae) in Sri Lanka","volume":"20","author":"Bambaradeniya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx211","article-title":"Effect of temperature and tissue type on the development of myiasis causing fly; Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae)","author":"Bambaradeniya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0007","first-page":"193","article-title":"Effect of constant temperature (20\u00b0C, 25\u00b0C, 30\u00b0C, 35\u00b0C, 40\u00b0C) on the development of the Calliphorid fly of forensic importance, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794)","volume":"4","author":"Bansode","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Zool. Stud"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/47.5.917","article-title":"Effects of temperature and tissue type on the development of Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)","volume":"47","author":"Boatright","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0009","volume-title":"Forensic entomology: the utility of arthropods in legal investigations","author":"Byrd","year":"2001"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00411-X","article-title":"Factors affecting decomposition and Diptera colonization","volume":"120","author":"Campobasso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0011","first-page":"33","article-title":"Observations on the succession patterns of necrophagous insects on a pig carcass in an urban area of Southeastern Brazil","volume":"5","author":"Carvalho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Forensic Med. Toxicol"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0012","first-page":"107","article-title":"Studies on biology of the blowfly Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) under fluctuating temperature in three different seasons","volume":"3","author":"Claver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Studies Biosci"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/123405","article-title":"Temperature-driven models for insect development and vital thermal requirements","author":"Damos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psyche"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00127.x","article-title":"Influence of substrate tissue type on larval growth in Calliphora augur and Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)","volume":"51","author":"Day","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.09.023","article-title":"Effects of temperature and tissue type on Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Macquart) development","volume":"245","author":"Flores","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0522-y","article-title":"Pilot study on synanthropic flies (e.g. Musca, Sarcophaga, Calliphora, Fannia, Lucilia, Stomoxys) as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms","volume":"101","author":"Forster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0017","first-page":"179","article-title":"Life table of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)","volume":"27","author":"Gabre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Actaecologica"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0018","volume-title":"Forensic entomology: an introduction","author":"Gennard","year":"2007"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.3.511","article-title":"Initial study of arthropod succession on pig carrion in a central European urban habitat","volume":"41","author":"Grassberger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00413-3","article-title":"Effect of temperature on Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) development with special reference to the isomegalen- and isomorphen-diagram","volume":"120","author":"Grassberger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0021","first-page":"119","article-title":"Initiating sampling programs,","volume-title":"Handbook of sampling methods for arthropods in agriculture","author":"Higley","year":"1994"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.65688","volume-title":"The flies that cause myiasis in man","author":"James","year":"1947"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0500","author":"Liyanage","year":"1995"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2004.13.9.26702","article-title":"Influence of dressing changes on wound temperature","volume":"13","author":"McGuiness","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0024","first-page":"24","article-title":"Experimental studies on the estimation of postmortem intervals by means of fly larvae infesting human cadavers","volume":"38","author":"Nishida","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0025","first-page":"40","article-title":"Application of forensic entomology to estimate of the postmortem interval (PMI) in homicide investigations by the Rio de Janeiro Police Department in Brazil","volume":"5","author":"Oliveira-Costa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anil Aggrawal Int. J. Forensic Med. Toxicol"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.4289\/0013-8797.115.3.265","article-title":"First record of Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Indiana, USA","volume":"115","author":"Picard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.03.022","article-title":"Bionomics of two forensically important blowfly species Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) reared on four types of diet","volume":"210","author":"Rabelo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0501","author":"Roe","year":"2014"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12396","article-title":"Quantifying the temperature of maggot masses and its relationship to decomposition","volume":"59","author":"Simmons","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0029","first-page":"252","article-title":"Biology of the blowflies Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya rufifacies and Lucilia cuprina","volume":"11","author":"Subramanian","year":"1980","journal-title":"Kerala J. Vet. Sci"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0659-8","article-title":"Forensic entomology cases in Thailand: a review of cases from 2000 to 2006","volume":"101","author":"Sukontason","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0031","first-page":"161","article-title":"Pollinators and their behaviors on mango flowers in southern Taiwan","volume":"26","author":"Sung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Form. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw019","article-title":"Effects of temperature and tissue type on the development of Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae)","volume":"53","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0033","first-page":"187","article-title":"Forensic entomology and globalisation","volume":"46","author":"Turchetto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/28.3.471","article-title":"Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) has reached the continental United States: review of its biology, pest status, and spread around the world","volume":"28","author":"Wells","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294402900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.45.303_1","article-title":"Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) development: rate, variation and the implications for forensic entomology","volume":"45","author":"Wells","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Entomol. Zool"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/56\/6\/1571\/30321317\/tjz097.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/56\/6\/1571\/30321317\/tjz097.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T13:53:30Z","timestamp":1572443610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article\/56\/6\/1571\/5521018"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jason","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjz097","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2585","1938-2928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2585","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]}}}