{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:17:09Z","timestamp":1793171829434,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01CK000516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Over the past 20 yr, many models have been developed to predict risk for West Nile virus (WNV; Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) disease in the human population. These models have aided our understanding of the meteorological and land-use variables that drive spatial and temporal patterns of human disease risk. During the same period, electronic data systems have been adopted by surveillance programs across much of the United States, including a growing interest in integrated data services that preserve the autonomy and attribution of credit to originating agencies but facilitate data sharing, analysis, and visualization at local, state, and national scales. At present, nearly all predictive models have been limited to the scientific literature, with few having been implemented for use by public-health and vector-control decision makers. The current article considers the development of models for spatial patterns, early warning, and early detection of WNV over the last 20 yr and considers some possible paths toward increasing the utility of these models for guiding interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T07:01:41Z","timestamp":1569308501000},"page":"1508-1515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Models and Surveillance Systems to Detect and Predict West Nile Virus Outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7941-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher M","family":"Barker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.508","article-title":"California state Mosquito-Borne Virus Surveillance and Response Plan: a retrospective evaluation using conditional simulations","volume":"68","author":"Barker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0002","volume-title":"Decision support system for mosquito and arbovirus control in California","author":"Barker","year":"2010"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0003","first-page":"129","article-title":"Chapter 5: vectorborne diseases,","volume-title":"The impacts of climate change on human health in the United States: a scientific assessment","author":"Beard","year":"2016"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.4236\/ajcc.2017.61010","article-title":"Impacts of increasing temperature on the future incidence of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in the United States","volume":"6","author":"Belova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clim. Change"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0641","article-title":"Seasonal patterns for entomological measures of risk for exposure to Culex vectors and West Nile virus in relation to human disease cases in northeastern Colorado","volume":"46","author":"Bolling","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulm.2005.01.002","article-title":"A mathematical model for assessing control strategies against West Nile virus","volume":"67","author":"Bowman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-012-0248-1","article-title":"The roles of mosquito and bird communities on the prevalence of West Nile virus in urban wetland and residential habitats","volume":"15","author":"Brian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0008","author":"California Department of Public Health.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0009","author":"CalSurv Development Team.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0010","author":"CalSurv Development Team","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0011","first-page":"1445","article-title":"Early warning system for West Nile virus risk areas, California, USA","volume":"17","author":"Carney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46882","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046882","article-title":"Remote sensing of climatic anomalies and West Nile virus incidence in the northern Great Plains of the United States","volume":"7","author":"Chuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0515","article-title":"Landscape-level spatial patterns of West Nile virus risk in the northern Great Plains","volume":"86","author":"Chuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2987\/13-6326r.1","article-title":"West Nile virus outbreak in Phoenix, Arizona\u20132010: entomological observations and epidemiological correlations","volume":"29","author":"Colborn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw013","article-title":"The impact of cycling temperature on the transmission of West Nile Virus","volume":"53","author":"Danforth","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.90e80717c4e67e1a830f17feeaaf85de","article-title":"Integrating environmental monitoring and mosquito surveillance to predict vector-borne disease: prospective forecasts of a West Nile virus outbreak","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Currents"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.028","article-title":"Improving the prediction of arbovirus outbreaks: a comparison of climate-driven models for West Nile virus in an endemic region of the United States","volume":"185","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2008)45[458:UHCTFT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Using hydrologic conditions to forecast the risk of focal and epidemic arboviral transmission in peninsular Florida","volume":"45","author":"Day","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14592","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14592","article-title":"Ensemble forecast of human West Nile virus cases and mosquito infection rates","volume":"8","author":"DeFelice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006047","article-title":"Use of temperature to improve West Nile virus forecasts","volume":"14","author":"DeFelice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plos Comput. Biol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120709-144847","article-title":"Using geographic information systems and decision support systems for the prediction, prevention, and control of vector-borne diseases","volume":"56","author":"Eisen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0584","article-title":"Land cover variation and West Nile virus prevalence: patterns, processes, and implications for disease control","volume":"7","author":"Ezenwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892997000088","article-title":"A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence\/absence models","volume":"24","author":"Fielding","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Conserv"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2008.12.004","article-title":"Irrigation linked to a greater incidence of human and veterinary West Nile virus cases in the United States from 2004 to 2006","volume":"89","author":"Gates","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1559\/152304010791232208","article-title":"Delineating West Nile virus transmission cycles at various scales: the nearest neighbor distance-time model","volume":"37","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.6.73","article-title":"Factors affecting the geographic distribution of West Nile virus in Georgia, USA: 2002-2004","volume":"6","author":"Gibbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1303.060941","article-title":"Behavioral risks for West Nile virus disease, northern Colorado, 2003","volume":"13","author":"Gujral","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0737","article-title":"Meteorological conditions associated with increased incidence of West Nile virus disease in the United States, 2004-2012","volume":"92","author":"Hahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12534","article-title":"A continental risk assessment of West Nile virus under climate change","volume":"20","author":"Harrigan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0342","article-title":"Effects of temperature on emergence and seasonality of West Nile virus in California","volume":"86","author":"Hartley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289a","article-title":"Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of West Nile virus disease","volume":"11","author":"Hayes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.382","article-title":"West Nile virus, climate change, and circumpolar vulnerability","volume":"7","author":"Hoover","year":"2016","journal-title":"WIREs Clim. Change"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0033","author":"Iowa State University Medical Entomology Laboratory","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3070","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3070","article-title":"A comparison of least squares regression and geographically weighted regression modeling of West Nile virus risk based on environmental parameters","volume":"5","author":"Kala","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12386","article-title":"Assessing human risk of illness with West Nile virus mosquito surveillance data to improve public health preparedness","volume":"65","author":"Karki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt046","article-title":"Predicting human West Nile virus infections with mosquito surveillance data","volume":"178","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040082","article-title":"West Nile virus epidemics in North America are driven by shifts in mosquito feeding behavior","volume":"4","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1093\/auk\/124.4.1121","article-title":"Ecology of West Nile virus transmission and its impact on birds in the western hemisphere","volume":"124","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000092","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000092","article-title":"Temperature, viral genetics, and the transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens mosquitoes","volume":"4","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(03)61005-5","article-title":"West Nile virus: epidemiology and ecology in North America","volume":"61","author":"Komar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0120","article-title":"Increased human incidence of West Nile virus disease near rice fields in California but not in Southern United States","volume":"99","author":"Kovach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093258","article-title":"A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus","volume":"53","author":"Kramer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0078","article-title":"Sentinel chicken seroconversions track tangential transmission of West Nile virus to humans in the greater Los Angeles area of California","volume":"83","author":"Kwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1808.111558","article-title":"Comparison of enzootic risk measures for predicting West Nile disease, Los Angeles, California, USA, 2004-2010","volume":"18","author":"Kwan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0590","article-title":"Inter-annual associations between precipitation and human incidence of West Nile virus in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Landesman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491212700406","article-title":"State health department perceived utility of and satisfaction with ArboNET, the US national arboviral surveillance system","volume":"127","author":"Lindsey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1720-1","article-title":"Development and validation of a climate-based ensemble prediction model for West Nile Virus infection rates in Culex mosquitoes, Suffolk County, New York","volume":"9","author":"Little","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-8-67","article-title":"Risk factors for human infection with West Nile Virus in Connecticut: a multi-year analysis","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Geogr"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0081"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.f0b3978230599a56830ce30cb9ce0500","article-title":"Towards an early warning system for forecasting human West Nile virus incidence","author":"Manore","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Currents"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-010-0360-8","article-title":"Bird community composition linked to human West Nile virus cases along the Colorado front range","volume":"7","author":"McKenzie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0051","article-title":"Key factors influencing the incidence of West Nile virus in Burleigh County, North Dakota","volume":"15: 1928","author":"Mori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.397","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Bayesian modeling of West Nile virus: identifying risk of infection in mosquitoes with local-scale predictors","volume":"650","author":"Myer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0053","volume-title":"Modifiable areal unit problem, Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography; No. 38","author":"Openshaw","year":"1983"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20162078","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.2078","article-title":"Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts","volume":"284","author":"Paull","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2987\/17-6714.1","article-title":"Predictive modeling for West Nile virus and mosquito surveillance in Lubbock, Texas","volume":"34","author":"Peper","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.109","article-title":"The influence of weather and weather variability on mosquito abundance and infection with West Nile virus in Harris County, Texas, USA","volume":"675","author":"Poh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/32.5.636","article-title":"Effect of temperature on Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Coachella and San Joaquin Valleys of California","volume":"32","author":"Reisen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.3390\/v5092079","article-title":"Ecology of West Nile virus in North America","volume":"5","author":"Reisen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.2.309","article-title":"Effects of temperature on the transmission of West Nile virus by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"43","author":"Reisen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-19","article-title":"Local impact of temperature and precipitation on West Nile virus infection in Culex species mosquitoes in northeast Illinois, USA","volume":"3","author":"Ruiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1402-z","article-title":"Geographic variation in the response of Culex pipiens life history traits to temperature","volume":"9","author":"Ruybal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.2.134","article-title":"Drought-induced amplification and epidemic transmission of West Nile virus in southern Florida","volume":"42","author":"Shaman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7020494","article-title":"Hydrologic conditions describe West Nile virus risk in Colorado","volume":"7","author":"Shaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10269","article-title":"Meteorological and hydrological influences on the spatial and temporal prevalence of West Nile virus in Culex mosquitoes, Suffolk County, New York","volume":"48","author":"Shaman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw042","article-title":"Predicting West Nile virus infection risk from the synergistic effects of rainfall and temperature","volume":"53","author":"Shand","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0066","author":"State of Connecticut Epidemiology and Emerging Infections Program","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.4.775","article-title":"A web-based relational database for monitoring and analyzing mosquito population dynamics","volume":"45","author":"Sucaet","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2488","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002488","article-title":"Increased avian diversity is associated with lower incidence of human West Nile infection: observation of the dilution effect","volume":"3","author":"Swaddle","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2781-0","article-title":"Association of spring-summer hydrology and meteorology with human West Nile virus infection in West Texas, USA, 2002-2016","volume":"11","author":"Ukawuba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0070","author":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30620","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030620","article-title":"The role of hydrogeography and climate in the landscape epidemiology of West Nile virus in New York State from 2000 to 2010","volume":"7","author":"Walsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-38","article-title":"Dry weather induces outbreaks of human West Nile virus infections","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3744","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003744","article-title":"Ecological niche of the 2003 West Nile virus epidemic in the northern great plains of the United States","volume":"3","author":"Wimberly","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0239","article-title":"Regional variation of climatic influences on West Nile virus outbreaks in the United States","volume":"91","author":"Wimberly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.654","article-title":"Combining mosquito vector and human disease data for improved assessment of spatial West Nile virus disease risk","volume":"78","author":"Winters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.581","article-title":"Predictive spatial models for risk of West Nile virus exposure in eastern and western Colorado","volume":"79","author":"Winters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0648","article-title":"Spatial risk assessments based on vector-borne disease epidemiologic data: importance of scale for West Nile virus disease in Colorado","volume":"82","author":"Winters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2608","article-title":"An epidemiological model for West Nile virus: invasion analysis and control applications","volume":"271","author":"Wonham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0079","volume-title":"Malaria early warning systems. A framework for field research in Africa No. WHO\/CDS\/RBM\/2001.32","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001"},{"key":"2019103013294776300_CIT0080","volume-title":"Integrated Vector Management","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/56\/6\/1508\/30321343\/tjz150.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/56\/6\/1508\/30321343\/tjz150.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T13:53:44Z","timestamp":1572443624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article\/56\/6\/1508\/5572889"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"William","family":"Reisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjz150","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2585","1938-2928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2585","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]}}}