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Resistant populations of this mosquito against chemical insecticides are spreading worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of exposure of pesticide-sensitive Ae. aegypti larvae (Rockefeller) to conidia of the entomopathogen, Metarhizium brunneum, laboratory strains ARSEF 4556 and V275, and any synergistic activity of phenylthiourea (PTU). In addition, to investigate the nature of any cross-resistance mechanisms, these M. brunneum strains were tested against the Rockefeller larvae and two temephos- and deltamethrin-resistant wild mosquito populations from Rio de Janeiro. Treatment of Rockefeller larvae with 106 conidia\/ml of ARSEF 4556 and V275 fungal strains resulted in significant decreased survival rates to 40 and 53.33%, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001), compared with untreated controls. In contrast, exposure to 104 or 105 conidia\/ml showed no such significant survival differences. However, the addition of PTU to the conidia in the bioassays significantly increased mortalities in all groups and induced a molt block. Experiments also showed no differences in Ae. aegypti mortalities between the fungal treated, wild pesticide-resistant populations and the Rockefeller sensitive strain. The results show the efficacy of M. brunneum in controlling Ae. aegypti larvae and the synergistic role of PTU in this process. Importantly, there was no indication of any cross-resistance mechanisms between Ae. aegypti sensitive or resistant to pesticides following treatment with the fungi. These results further support using M. brunneum as an alternative biological control agent against mosquito populations resistant to chemical insecticides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T01:03:46Z","timestamp":1569546226000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Action of Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Against Organophosphate- and Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and the Synergistic Effects of Phenylthiourea"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Prado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia de Insetos, GBG, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e3mella A","family":"Macedo-Salles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Micologia M\u00e9dica e Molecular, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo C","family":"Duprat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia de Insetos, GBG, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea R S","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Micologia M\u00e9dica e Molecular, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Feder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia de Insetos, GBG, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Bento Pereira","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fisiologia e Controle de Artr\u00f3podes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Ex\u00e9rcito, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8789-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA28PP Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman A","family":"Ratcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia de Insetos, GBG, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA28PP Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cicero Brasileiro","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia de Insetos, GBG, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019092701022141800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005715","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005715","article-title":"Metarhizium brunneum blastospore pathogenesis in Aedes aegypti larvae: attack on several fronts accelerates mortality","volume":"12","author":"Alkhaibari","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2019092701022141800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.04994.x","article-title":"Effects of successive subculturing on stability, virulence, conidial yield, germination and shelf-life of entomopathogenic fungi","volume":"110","author":"Ansari","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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