{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:06:13Z","timestamp":1753877173991,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A Musca domestica L. strain collected from Pakistan has recently been shown to be resistant to spinosad; however, there is scarce information about the mechanism of resistance. For this reason, we explored whether a metabolic-based mechanism was responsible by analyzing the activities of the metabolic detoxifying enzymes, carboxylesterases, glutathione S-transferases, and mixed-function oxidases, in both a spinosad-selected (Spin-SEL) strain of M. domestica and a susceptible counterpart (Lab-susceptible). The results revealed that both strains were statistically at par in terms of enzyme activities. The activity of carboxylesterases in the Lab-susceptible strain was 78.17 \u00b1 3.06 in comparison to 79.16 \u00b1 3.31 nmol min\u22121 mg\u22121 in the Spin-SEL strain. The activity of mixed-function oxidases was 51.58 \u00b1 4.20 in the Lab-susceptible strain, whereas 54.33 \u00b1 4.08 pmol min\u22121 mg\u22121 was recorded in the Spin-SEL strain. The activity of glutathione S-transferases was 86.50 \u00b1 4.59 (Lab-susceptible) and 90.33 \u00b1 2.81 nmol min\u22121 mg\u22121 (Spin-SEL). These results revealed that the studied enzymes might not be responsible for spinosad resistance in the studied strain of M. domestica. Therefore, studies should be extended to find out other possible mechanisms of spinosad resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T13:08:37Z","timestamp":1570453717000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Activities of Select Enzymes Involved in Insecticide Resistance in Spinosad-Resistant and -Susceptible Strains of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7209-4750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Azhar Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waseem","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100713083181900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2014.04.013","article-title":"Spinosad resistance of melon thrips, Thrips palmi, is conferred by G275E mutation in \u03b16 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and cytochrome P450 detoxification","volume":"112","author":"Bao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pestic. 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