{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T07:18:22Z","timestamp":1769152702877,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006162","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Pernambuco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ-0018-2.13\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-0018-2.13\/12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["400446\/2012-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["400446\/2012-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["313118\/2018-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313118\/2018-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) by Leishmania braziliensis Vianna (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) is a widespread disease in the western hemisphere and Brazil is the country reporting the majority of the human cases each year. Several phlebotomine sand flies have been regarded as putative or proven vectors of L. braziliensis and multiple vectors may be involved in the transmission of this parasite in the same endemic foci. In this study, we tested a subset of female phlebotomine sand flies collected in the frame of a previous study conducted in a military training camp, where outbreaks of CL by L. braziliensis have sporadically been reported. In total, 1,807 female phlebotomine sand flies were tested (individually or in pools) by real-time PCR and a minimum infection rate of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6\u20131.5%) was detected. Positive females belonged to the species Psychodopygus complexus (Mangabeira) or Psychodopygus wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw &amp; Lainson (females of these species are morphologically indistinguishable), Trichopygomyia longispina (Mangabeira), and Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon &amp; Del Ponte) (Diptera: Psychodidae). By restriction enzyme analysis, 13 samples (nine of Ty. longispina, two of Ps. complexus\/wellcomei, and two of Sc. sordellii) presented a HaeIII restriction profile identical to L. braziliensis. The results of this study reinforce the notion that multiple vectors may be involved in the transmission of L. braziliensis in a single focus, ultimately making the epidemiological picture more complex than currently recognized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T09:56:20Z","timestamp":1573034180000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Detection of Leishmania DNA in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From a Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Outbreak Area in Northeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Yury Yzabella","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamila Gaud\u00eancio Da Silva","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Elienai De Oliveira","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana Aguiar","family":"Figueredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sinval P","family":"Brand\u00e3o-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1496-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Dantas-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822005000300004","article-title":"American tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in military training area of Zona da Mata in Pernambuco","volume":"38","author":"Andrade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2005000600023","article-title":"Sand fly fauna in a military training area endemic for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the Atlantic Rain Forest region of Pernambuco, Brazil","volume":"21","author":"Andrade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cad. Saude Publica"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822009000500022","article-title":"New outbreak of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in a military training center in the Zona da Mata region, in the north of the State of Pernambuco","volume":"42","author":"Andrade","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004137","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004137","article-title":"Infectiousness of sylvatic and synanthropic small rodents implicates a multi-host reservoir of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis","volume":"9","author":"Andrade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761983000400009","article-title":"A review of the subgenus Trichopygomyia Barretto, 1962; with description of a new species from the Brazilian Amazon Basin (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)","volume":"78","author":"Arias","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.4.587","article-title":"Comparative studies of populations of Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Brazil and Venezuela","volume":"39","author":"Azevedo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762008000800003","article-title":"Studies on the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from transmission areas of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in state of Acre, Brazil","volume":"103","author":"Azevedo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000300005","article-title":"First report of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) umbratilis Ward & Frahia, 1977 outside of Amazonian Region, in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)","volume":"96","author":"Balbino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X65116","article-title":"Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the Atlantic forest in Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil: the species coming to human bait, and their seasonal and monthly variations over a 2-year period","volume":"99","author":"Balbino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821998000600012","article-title":"American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a military training center located in Zona da Mata, Pernambuco","volume":"31","author":"Brand\u00e3o-Filho","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0012","first-page":"144","article-title":"Sand fly vectors of Leishmania in the Americas\u2014a mini review","volume":"4","author":"Brazil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Entomol. Ornithol. Herpetol"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822012005000006","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil: a critical appraisal of studies conducted in State of Pernambuco","volume":"45","author":"Brito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52254","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052254","article-title":"Hourly activity and natural infection of sandflies (Diptera: psychodidae) captured from the aphotic zone of a cave, minas gerais state, Brazil","volume":"7","author":"Carvalho","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.16.e12","article-title":"Optimisation of DNA and RNA extraction from archival formalin-fixed tissue","volume":"27","author":"Coombs","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000600028","article-title":"Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the State of Pernambuco","volume":"43","author":"Dantas-Torres","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005406","article-title":"Sand fly population dynamics and cutaneous leishmaniasis among soldiers in an Atlantic forest remnant in northeastern Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Dantas-Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2016.08.006","article-title":"Leishmania-FAST15: a rapid, sensitive and low-cost real-time PCR assay for the detection of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis kinetoplast DNA in canine blood samples","volume":"31","author":"Dantas-Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75544-1_2","article-title":"Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae): classification, morphology and terminology of adults and identification of American taxa,","volume-title":"Brazilian sand flies","author":"Galati","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000700002","article-title":"Species structure of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna in the Brazilian western Amazon","volume":"104","author":"Gil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652014000400015","article-title":"Molecular detection of Leishmania in phlebotomine sand flies in a cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in northeastern Brazil","volume":"56","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/19896413","article-title":"Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi sp. n., a parasite of the armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus (L.) in Amazonian Brazil","volume":"64","author":"Lainson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90225-6","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Brazil: XIII. Isolation of Leishmania from armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), and observations on the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north Par\u00e1 State","volume":"73","author":"Lainson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72386-0_4","article-title":"Parasite biology: the reservoir hosts,","volume-title":"The leishmaniases: old neglected tropical diseases","author":"Maia","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3157\/0013-872X(2007)118[351:APOGAS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A proposal of generic and subgeneric abbreviations for Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) of the world","volume":"118","author":"Marcondes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Entomol. News"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x","article-title":"Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern","volume":"27","author":"Maroli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.03.011","article-title":"Ecology of sand flies in a low-density residential rural area, with mixed forest\/agricultural exploitation, in north-eastern Brazil","volume":"146","author":"Miranda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1590\/S0044-59672008000100019","article-title":"Infec\u00e7\u00e3o natural por tripanosomat\u00eddeos (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) em Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae) em \u00e1reas de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Amazonas, Brasil","volume":"38","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Amaz"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0029","first-page":"291","article-title":"Ecologia das Leishmanioses,","volume-title":"Flebotom\u00edneos do Brasil","author":"Rangel","year":"2003"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75544-1_7","article-title":"Sand fly vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil,","volume-title":"Brazilian sand flies","author":"Rangel","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0840-3","article-title":"Identification of phlebotomine sand fly blood meals by real-time PCR","volume":"8","author":"Sales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3383-1","article-title":"Home sweet home: sand flies find a refuge in remote indigenous villages in north-eastern Brazil, where leishmaniasis is endemic","volume":"12","author":"Sales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0219626","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219626","article-title":"Leishmania DNA detection and species characterization within phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a peridomicile-forest gradient in an Amazonian\/Guianan bordering area","volume":"14","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822005000300013","article-title":"Phlebotomine sandflies in fragments of rain forest in Recife, Pernambuco State","volume":"38","author":"Silva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612017038","article-title":"Phlebotomines in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern coast of Brazil","volume":"26","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017016","article-title":"Natural Leishmania (Viannia) infections of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) indicate classical and alternative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Guiana Shield, Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.11.014","article-title":"Analysis of the genetic structure of allopatric populations of Lutzomyia umbratilis using the period clock gene","volume":"154","author":"Souza Freitas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2019110609561522800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1971.20.150","article-title":"Natural host preferences of Panamanian phlebotomine sandflies as determined by precipitin test","volume":"20","author":"Tesh","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jme\/tjz189\/30439281\/tjz189.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jme\/tjz189\/30439281\/tjz189.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T09:56:29Z","timestamp":1573034189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jme\/tjz189\/5613965"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lane","family":"Foil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjz189","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2585","1938-2928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2585","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"article-number":"tjz189"}}