{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:44:21Z","timestamp":1789440261535,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the polarized debates about abortion and voluntary euthanasia, disability advocates, who normally align with left-wing social forces, have tended to side with conservative and religious voices in expressing concerns about the impact of technological and sociopolitical developments on disabled futures. This paper draws on the social model of disability and the virtue ethics tradition to explain the alignment between the religious and disability perspectives, and the theory of transformative choice to highlight the limits and biases of the pro-choice logic. Yet, it also recognizes the inherent contradiction of disabled advocates taking a paternalistic position against the personal agency of women and people facing terminal illnesses. A disability perspective serves the discussion of abortion and euthanasia as an encouragement to work together for the building of a society that enables people with diverse disabilities to exist and flourish, and helps pregnant women, people facing disabling and terminal illnesses, and politicians and social influencers to make informed choices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhab008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T11:18:30Z","timestamp":1617707910000},"page":"431-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Disability and the Complexity of Choice in the Ethics of Abortion and Voluntary Euthanasia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Shane","family":"Clifton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/23294515.2017.1420708","article-title":"\u2018God is the giver and taker of life\u2019: Muslim beliefs and attitudes regarding assisted suicide and euthanasia","volume":"9","author":"Ahaddour","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJOB Empirical Bioethics"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226026763.001.0001","volume-title":"Nicomachean Ethics","author":"Aristotle","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S0748081400001387","article-title":"Her pain prevails and her judgement respected: Abortion in Judaism","volume":"25","author":"Barilan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Law and Religion"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-8-39","article-title":"Reductions in abortion-related mortality following policy reform: Evidence from Romania, South Africa and Bangladesh","volume":"8","author":"Benson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0005","first-page":"100","article-title":"Disability, democracy, and the new genetics","volume-title":"The Disability Studies Reader","author":"Berube","year":"2013","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0006","volume-title":"The Artificial Ear: Cochlear Implants and the Culture of Deafness","author":"Blume","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.5840\/jsce200323212","article-title":"After the slippery slope: Dutch experiences on regulating active euthanasia","volume":"23","author":"Boer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0008","article-title":"Reproduction: Abortion and Islam: Overview.","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures","author":"Bowen","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0009","article-title":"\u201cBury Your Disabled\u201d","year":"."},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0010","volume-title":"The Abortion Myth: Feminism, Morality, and the Hard Choices Women Make","author":"Cannold","year":"2001"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0011","volume-title":"The Conversation","author":"Cartwright","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/ajes.12174","article-title":"A social history of Christian thought on abortion: Ambiguity vs. certainty in moral debate","volume":"76","author":"Castuera","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0013","author":"Centre for Genetics Education","year":"."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951516001061","article-title":"A systematic review of religious beliefs about major end-of-life issues in the five major world religions","volume":"15","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palliative & Supportive Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cb\/cbx021","article-title":"Physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia: How not to die as a Christian","volume":"24","author":"Cherry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0016","author":"Clifton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shane Clifton"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0017","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shane Clifton"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0018","volume-title":"Crippled Grace: Disability, Virtue Ethics, and the Good Life","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2017.1379951","article-title":"Quadriplegia, virtue theory, and flourishing: A qualitative study drawing on self-narratives","volume":"33","author":"Clifton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disability & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0020","first-page":"124","article-title":"Abortion from the perspective of eastern religions: Hinduism and Buddhism","volume":"8","author":"Damian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista Romana de Bioetica; Isai"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0021","article-title":"\u201cDiagnosis of Abnormality in an Unborn Baby: The Impact, Options and Afterwards\u201d","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/03605310591008559","article-title":"Aquinas\u2019s account of human embryogenesis and recent interpretations","volume":"30","author":"Eberl","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0023","volume-title":"ABC News","author":"Edwards","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0024","first-page":"115","article-title":"On humility.","volume-title":"Deep: Real Life with Spinal Cord Injury","author":"Epstein","year":"2006"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0025","article-title":"\u201cFact-Sheet-36-Trisomy-21-Down-Syndrome.pdf\u201d","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1093\/jlb\/lsw056","article-title":"Strange bedfellows: Anti-abortion and disability rights advocacy","volume":"3","author":"Giric","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Law and the Biosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/cb\/2.1.83","article-title":"Scripture, history, and authority in a Christian view of abortion: A response to Paul Simmons","volume":"2","author":"Gorman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.38402","article-title":"Estimation of live birth and population prevalence of Down syndrome in nine U.S. states","volume":"173","author":"Graaf","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0029","author":"Guttmacher Institute","year":"2018"},{"issue":"304","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0030","first-page":"255","article-title":"Aquinas on human ensoulment, abortion and the value of life","volume":"78","author":"Haldane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Philosophy"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822380368-038","article-title":"Abortion, theologically understood (1991).","volume-title":"The Hauerwas Reader","author":"Hauerwas","year":"2001","edition":"1st ed."},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0032","volume-title":"Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs, and Declarations of Independence","author":"Hockenberry","year":"1995"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0033","first-page":"74","article-title":"Abortion and disability: Who should and who should not inhabit the world?","volume-title":"The Disability Studies Reader","author":"Hubbard","year":"2013","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0034","volume-title":"Beginning Lives","author":"Hursthouse","year":"1987"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1353\/ff.2015.0008","article-title":"Relations of abortion: Crip approaches to reproductive justice","volume":"27","author":"Jarman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Feminist Formations; Baltimore"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/1030570X17711957","article-title":"Euthanasia: Some theological considerations for living responsibly","volume":"29","author":"Jason","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pacifica"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.08.022","article-title":"The paradox of disability in abortion debates: Bringing the pro-choice and disability rights communities together","volume":"84","author":"Jesudason","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0038","volume-title":"Feminist, Queer, Crip","author":"Kafer","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0039","volume-title":"A Dignified Dying: A Plea for Personal Responsibility","author":"Bowden","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2007.00124.x","article-title":"The empirical slippery slope from voluntary to non-voluntary euthanasia","volume":"35","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470660393","volume-title":"Parents with Intellectual Disabilities: Past, Present and Futures","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18061\/dsq.v35i1.3239","article-title":"The replaceable fetus: A reflection on abortion and disability","volume":"35","author":"Manninen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Disability Studies Quarterly"},{"issue":"13","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4698","article-title":"Impact of prenatal screening and diagnostic testing on trends in Down syndrome births and terminations in Western Australia 1980 to 2013","volume":"35","author":"Maxwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prenatal Diagnosis"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0044","article-title":"\u201cMedia Roundup of Me Before You Criticism\u201d","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2910","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome: A systematic review of termination rates (1995\u20132011)","volume":"32","author":"Natoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prenatal Diagnosis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/03605310600712901","article-title":"Disability, bioethics, and rejected knowledge","volume":"31","author":"Newell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine & Philosophy"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0047","author":"Otter","year":"2017"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0048","volume-title":"Prenatal Testing and Disability Rights","author":"Parens","year":"2000"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198717959.001.0001","volume-title":"Transformative Experience","author":"Paul","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2979\/jfemistudreli.30.1.129","article-title":"Considering social policy on abortion: Respecting women as moral agents","volume":"30","author":"Peters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0051","author":"Quinones","year":"2017","journal-title":"CBSN: On Assignment"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12353","article-title":"Assisted dying and disability","volume":"31","author":"Riddle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0053","first-page":"87","article-title":"Disability rights and selective abortion.","volume-title":"The Disability Studies Reader","author":"Saxton","year":"2013","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511606335","volume-title":"Abortion in Judaism","author":"Schiff","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0055","volume-title":"Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being. Reprint","author":"Seligman","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0056","volume-title":"The Guardian","author":"Shakespeare","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0057","volume-title":"Disability Rights and Wrongs Revisited","year":"2014","edition":"2nd ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012217300011690","article-title":"Abortion through a feminist ethics lens","volume":"30","author":"Sherwin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review\/Revue Canadienne de Philosophie"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/1440783308099985","article-title":"Religion and attitudes concerning euthanasia: Australia in the 1990s","volume":"45","author":"Sikora","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/cb\/2.1.66","article-title":"Biblical authority and the not-so strange silence of scripture about abortion","volume":"2","author":"Simmons","year":"1996","journal-title":"Christian Bioethics"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511975950","volume-title":"Practical Ethics","author":"Singer","year":"2011","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0062","volume-title":"Far from the Tree: Parents, Children and the Search for Identity","author":"Solomon","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/09687591003755849","article-title":"Implants and ethnocide: Learning from the cochlear implant controversy","volume":"25","author":"Sparrow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disability & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0064","first-page":"1","article-title":"(Failed) voluntary euthanasia law reform in Australia: Two decades of trends, models and politics","volume":"39","author":"Stackpoole","year":"2016","journal-title":"University of New South Wales Law Journal"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0065","author":"Tischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tales from the Crip Reader"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0066","volume-title":"Unsafe Abortion: Global and Regional Estimates of the Incidence of Unsafe Abortion and Associated Mortality in 2008","author":"WHO","year":"2008"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0067","volume-title":"Why Disability Rights Movements Do Not Support Euthanasia: Safeguards Broken Beyond Repair","author":"Wolbring","year":"1998"},{"key":"2021072207090360800_CIT0068","volume-title":"Theology and Down Syndrome: Reimagining Disability in Late Modernity","author":"Yong","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jmp\/article-pdf\/46\/4\/431\/39271145\/jhab008.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jmp\/article-pdf\/46\/4\/431\/39271145\/jhab008.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T07:10:11Z","timestamp":1626937811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jmp\/article\/46\/4\/431\/6314669"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmp\/jhab008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-5310","1744-5019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-5310","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-5019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]}}}