{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T21:17:58Z","timestamp":1782940678777,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["670172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["670172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this article, I undertake three main tasks. First, I argue that, contrary to the standard view, moral injury is not a species of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) but rather, on the most coherent conception of moral injury, PTSD is (in effect) a species of moral injury. In doing so, I make use of the notion of caring deeply about something or someone worthy of being cared deeply about. Second, I consider so-called \u201cdirty hands\u201d actions in police work and in war, and distinguish these from the morally legitimate, but harmful, actions of police officers and of war fighters, such as the morally legitimate use of coercive force and lethal force (respectively). While the morally legitimate use of harmful methods is constitutive of these occupational roles, \u201cdirty hands\u201d methods are not. Roughly speaking, a \u201cdirty hands\u201d action is one that is morally wrong and (typically) unlawful but done for the sake of a good outcome. Both categories of action are conducive to moral injury, but \u201cdirty hands\u201d actions much more so, especially given the slippery moral slope from \u201cdirty hands\u201d actions to egregious moral wrongdoing. Third, I offer some recommendations for reducing moral injury among police officers and war fighters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhac028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T15:12:18Z","timestamp":1671808338000},"page":"723-734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Moral Injury, Moral Identity, and \u201cDirty Hands\u201d in War Fighting and Police Work"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Seumas","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Sturt University , Canberra , Australia"},{"name":"University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Delft University of Technology , Delft , The 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