{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:13:08Z","timestamp":1789427588511,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["MINECO FFI2017-88913-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MINECO FFI2017-88913-P"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) provides that \u201can individual who has sustained either (1) irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions or (2) irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem, is dead.\u201d We show that the UDDA contains two conflicting interpretations of the phrase \u201ccessation of functions.\u201d By one interpretation, what matters for the determination of death is the cessation of spontaneous functions only, regardless of their generation by artificial means. By the other, what matters is the cessation of both spontaneous and artificially supported functions. Because each UDDA criterion uses a different interpretation, the law is conceptually inconsistent. A single consistent interpretation would lead to the conclusion that conscious individuals whose respiratory and circulatory functions are artificially supported are actually dead, or that individuals whose brain is entirely and irreversibly destroyed may be alive. We explore solutions to mitigate the inconsistency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhad029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:32:36Z","timestamp":1684974756000},"page":"422-433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Inconsistency between the Circulatory and the Brain Criteria of Death in the Uniform Determination of Death Act"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Molina-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA), CSIC , C\u00f3rdoba , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L","family":"Bernat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Dalle Ave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kennedy Institute of Ethics , Georgetown University, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023091412200891100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00105","article-title":"Assessing time-resolved FNIRS for brain-computer interface applications of mental communication","volume":"14","author":"Abdalmalak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091412200891100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2006.016014","article-title":"Individual choice in the definition of death","volume":"33","author":"Bagheri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"2023091412200891100_CIT0003a","first-page":"199","article-title":"Human death and the destruction of the neocortex","author":"Bartlett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Death: Beyond Whole-Brain Criteria, Philosophy and Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023091412200891100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/0024363919869795","article-title":"Refinements in the organism as a whole rationale for brain death","volume":"86","author":"Bernat","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Linacre Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091412200891100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-94-3-389","article-title":"On the definition and criterion of death","volume":"94","author":"Bernat","year":"1981","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091412200891100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2307\/3560613","article-title":"Defining death in theory and practice","volume":"12","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hastings Center Report"},{"key":"2023091412200891100_CIT0006","first-page":"71","article-title":"How much of the brain must be dead","volume-title":"The Definition of Death: Contemporary Controversies","author":"Brody","year":"1999"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091412200891100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhw003","article-title":"Are brain dead individuals dead? 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