{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1789172230357,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>I critically examine a conflict-of-interest argument against conscientious objection in health care. This argument claims that conscientious objection is analogous to conflict of interest in which objecting professionals place their personal interest above patients\u2019 health, which violates the healthcare professional\u2019s primary ethical obligation. The argument concludes that conscientious objection in health care is impermissible. I argue that this argument proceeds from false or dubious premises. First, it categorizes conscientious objection with conflict of interest. I argue that conscientious objection is not analogous to conflict of interest: conscientious objection lacks key features that make conflict of interest ethically problematic; and conscientious objection exhibits a key feature that makes it ethically incompatible with conflict of interest. Second, the argument assumes that conscientious objection is likely to harm patient health. I argue that this assumption lacks strong supporting evidence. I conclude that the argument fails to demonstrate its conclusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhag031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:41:43Z","timestamp":1784893303000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conscience, Conflict, and Health Care: A Critical Examination of the Conflict-of-Interest Argument against Conscientious Objection"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Darrin W","family":"Snyder Belousek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio Northern University , Ada, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B1","author":"American Medical Association","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B2","volume-title":"Principles of Biomedical Ethics","author":"Beauchamp","year":"1994","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B3","volume-title":"Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life","author":"Bok","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/cb\/cbs004","article-title":"Do health care providers have a right to refuse to treat some patients?","volume":"18","author":"Brugger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Christian Bioethics"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb042263","article-title":"The limits of conscientious objection\u2014May pharmacists refuse to fill prescriptions for emergency contraception?","volume":"351","author":"Cantor","year":"2004","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B6","volume-title":"Integrity","author":"Carter","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1076\/jmep.29.1.75.30410","article-title":"Conscientious refusal and a doctor\u2019s right to quit","volume":"29","author":"Davis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195128635.001.0001","volume-title":"Conflict of Interest in the Professions","author":"Davis","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B9","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Practice and Research","author":"Erde","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhab005","article-title":"Reevaluating conscience clauses","volume":"46","author":"Kane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B11","volume-title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Kant","year":"1997"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14233","article-title":"Conflicts of interest: New thinking, new processes","volume":"49","author":"Komesaroff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internal Medicine Journal"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195128635.003.0015","volume-title":"Conflict of Interest in the Professions","author":"Latham","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/cb\/cbs005","article-title":"Conscience, professionalism, and pluralism","volume":"18","author":"Lustig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Christian Bioethics"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B15","author":"McLean","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/15265160500507074","article-title":"The ethical standard of care","volume":"6","author":"Rhodes","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Bioethics"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb1612472","article-title":"Physicians, not conscripts\u2014Conscientious objection in health care","volume":"376","author":"Stahl","year":"2017","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B18","volume-title":"Why Conscience Matters: A Defence of Conscientious Objection in Health Care","author":"Symons","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B19","volume-title":"Religious Refusals and Reproductive Rights","author":"Weiss","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026091120015859200_jhag031-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511973727","volume-title":"Conscientious Objection in Health Care: An Ethical Analysis","author":"Wicclair","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jmp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jmp\/jhag031\/71034256\/jhag031.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jmp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jmp\/jhag031\/71034256\/jhag031.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:02:06Z","timestamp":1789171326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jmp\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jmp\/jhag031\/8790766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmp\/jhag031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-5310","1744-5019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-5310","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-5019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"article-number":"jhag031"}}