{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T23:42:07Z","timestamp":1780962127618,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1976,8,1]],"date-time":"1976-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":207705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,8]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T05:42:31Z","timestamp":1515994951000},"page":"1123-1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of Type of Dietary Fat, Cholesterol and Chenodeoxycholic Acid on Gallstone Formation, Bile Acid Kinetics and Plasma Lipids in Squirrel Monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Naomi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar W.","family":"Portman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Osuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33757-6","article-title":"Diminished bile acid pool size in patients with gallstones","volume":"59","author":"Vlahcevic","year":"1970","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)36817-6","article-title":"Determination of hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity in man","volume":"15","author":"Nicolau","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)36838-3","article-title":"Determination of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity in man","volume":"15","author":"Nicolau","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107130","article-title":"Mechanisms of lithogenic bile formation in American Indian women with cholesterol gallstones","volume":"51","author":"Grundy","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92130-2","article-title":"Biliary lipid secretion in gallstone patients","volume":"2","author":"Northfield","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(74)90105-X","article-title":"Biliary lipid outputs in young women with choles terol gallstones","volume":"23","author":"Grundy","year":"1974","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33499-7","article-title":"Incluced alterations in composition of bile of persons having cholelithiasis","volume":"61","author":"Thistle","year":"1971","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197201062860101","article-title":"Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by chenodeoxycholic acid","volume":"286","author":"Danzinger","year":"1972","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92266-0","article-title":"Gallstone dissolution in man using chenodeoxycholic acid","volume":"2","author":"Bell","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.15.3.165","article-title":"Liver structure and function in cholelithiasis: effect of chenodeoxycholic acid","volume":"15","author":"Bell","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(74)90015-8","article-title":"Pathological changes in the rhesus fetus associated with the oral administration of chenodeoxycholic acid","volume":"2","author":"Palmer","year":"1974","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01076210","article-title":"Effect of dictary chenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid in the rabbit","volume":"19","author":"Fisher","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Dig. Dis"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105432","article-title":"Production of bile duct hyperplasia and gallstones by lithocholic acid","volume":"45","author":"Palmer","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1972.03650040130012","article-title":"Bile acids, liver injury, and liver disease","volume":"130","author":"Palmer","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-136-35350","article-title":"Experimental formation of gallstones in the squirrel monkey","volume":"136","author":"Osuga","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33358-X","article-title":"Relationship between bile composition and gallstone formation in squirrel monkeys","volume":"63","author":"Osuga","year":"1972","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib17","first-page":"486","article-title":"A morphological study of gallstone development in the squirrel monkey","volume":"30","author":"Osuga","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lab. Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitropoulos, K. A. & Myant N, B. (1967) The formation of lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and alpha-and beta-muricholic acids from cholesterol incubated with rat-liver mitochondria. Biochem. J. 103, 472\u2013479.","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1030472"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32897-5","article-title":"Measurement of bile acid kinetics by isotope dilution in man","volume":"67","author":"Hofmann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)70226-3","article-title":"Phosphorus assay in column chromatography","volume":"234","author":"Bartlett","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01473.x","article-title":"The turnover of cholic acid in man. Bile acids and steroids 51","volume":"40","author":"Lindstedt","year":"1957","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib22","unstructured":"Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W. G. (1956) Statistical Methods, 5 th ed., Iowa State Uni v. Press, Ames."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(72)80160-4","article-title":"The lithogenic index-A numerical expression for the relative lithogenicity of bile","volume":"62","author":"Metzger","year":"1972","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33056-2","article-title":"A simple calculation of the lithogenic index of bile: expressing biliary lipid composition on rectangular coordinates","volume":"65","author":"Thomas","year":"1973","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105794","article-title":"The physicochemical basis of cholesterol gallstone formation in man","volume":"47","author":"Admirand","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02020933","article-title":"The solubility of cholesterol in aqueous solutions of bile salts and lecithin","volume":"10","author":"Hegardt","year":"1971","journal-title":"Z. Ernaehrungswiss"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107321","article-title":"Cholesterol solubility in bile. Evidence that supersaturated bile is frequent in healthy man","volume":"52","author":"Holzbach","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib28","unstructured":"Osuga, T., Portman, O. W., Tanaka, N., Alexander, M. & Ochsner, A. J. III (1976) The effect of diet on hepatic bile formation and bile acid metabolism in squirrel monkeys with and without cholesterol gallstones. J. Lab. Clin. Med., in press."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197301042880106","article-title":"Increased prevalence of cholelithiasis in men ingesting a serum-cholesterollowering diet","volume":"288","author":"Sturdevant","year":"1973","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-148-38645","article-title":"Validation of the dual-isotope plasma ratio technique as a measure of cholesterol absorption in Old and New World monkeys","volume":"148","author":"Corey","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)36816-4","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolism in rhesus monkey, squirrel monkey, and baboon","volume":"15","author":"Eggen","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39434-7","article-title":"Studies on the regulation of plasma cholesterol levels in squirrel monkeys of two genotypes","volume":"13","author":"Lofland","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107643","article-title":"The intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol by hypercholesterolemic (Type II) and normocholesterolemic humans","volume":"53","author":"Connor","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105706","article-title":"Cholesterol synthesis in the squirrel monkey: relative rates of synthesis in various tissues and mechanisms of control","volume":"47","author":"Dietschy","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197309272891303","article-title":"Efficacy and specificity of chenodeoxycholic acid therapy for dissolving gallstones","volume":"289","author":"Thistle","year":"1973","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107477","article-title":"Effect of oral chenodeoxycholic acid on bile acid kinetics and biliary lipid composition in women with cholelithiasis","volume":"52","author":"Danzinger","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib37","first-page":"826","article-title":"Mechanism of action of chenodeoxycholic acid in gallstone dissolution","volume":"14","author":"Northfield","year":"1973","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197101282840404","article-title":"Lithogenic bile among young Indian women: lithogenic potential decreased with cheno- deoxycholic acid","volume":"284","author":"Thistle","year":"1971","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197508212930804","article-title":"Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment of gallstones. A follow-up report and analysis of factors influencing response to therapy","volume":"293","author":"Iser","year":"1975","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197503202921202","article-title":"Treatment of gallstones with chenodeoxycholic acid and phenobarbital","volume":"292","author":"Coyne","year":"1975","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32933-6","article-title":"Effects of long term feeding of chenodeoxycholic acid on biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acids in the rat","volume":"67","author":"Danielsson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02023715","article-title":"Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 10. The effect of orally ingested bile acids on development of cholesterol gallstones in hamsters fed a fat-free diet with glucose as carbohydrate component","volume":"2","author":"Dam","year":"1962","journal-title":"Z. Ernaehrungswiss"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02022024","article-title":"Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 24. Influence of orally ingested chenodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid on formation of gallstones","volume":"11","author":"Dam","year":"1972","journal-title":"Z. Ernaehrungswiss"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02021948","article-title":"Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 26. The influence of orally ingested lithocholic, cholic, dehydrocholic and deoxycholic acids on gallstone production compared with the influence of chenodeoxycholic acid","volume":"12","author":"Prange","year":"1973","journal-title":"Z. Ernaehrungswiss"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01076215","article-title":"Bile acid biosynthesis, pathways and regulation.","volume":"19","author":"Mosbach","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.1974.12096913","article-title":"Cholesterol kinetics in patients with cholesterol gallstones before and during cheno- deoxycholic acid treatment","volume":"9","author":"Pedersen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib47","first-page":"236","article-title":"Effect of bile acid feeding on cholesterol metabolism in gallstone patients","volume":"49","author":"Hoffman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)36863-2","article-title":"Regulatory effects of sterols and bile acids on hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and cholesterol 7alpha hydroxylase in the rat","volume":"14","author":"Shefer","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib49","first-page":"24","article-title":"Traitement de la lithiase biliaire par lacide chenique","volume":"38","author":"van Waes","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol. Belg"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib50","first-page":"134","article-title":"Influence of primary bile acid feeding on cholesterol metabolism and hepatic function in the rhesus monkey","volume":"50","author":"Webster","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(58)90162-0","article-title":"Excretion of bile acids and beta-hydroxysterols by rats","volume":"76","author":"Portman","year":"1958","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/8.4.462","article-title":"Nutritional influences on the metabolism of bile acids","volume":"8","author":"Portman","year":"1930","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib53","first-page":"896","article-title":"Importance of diet, species and intestinal fora in bile acid metabolism.","volume":"21","author":"Portman","year":"1962","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/104.4.458","article-title":"Binding of bile salts in vitro by nonnutritive fiber","volume":"104","author":"Kritchevsky","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(68)90018-0","article-title":"Studies on the adsorption of bile salts to nonadsorbed components","volume":"152","author":"Eastwood","year":"1968","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)51369-7","article-title":"Choline in the nutrition of chicks","volume":"138","author":"Hegsted","year":"1941","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002231662335137X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002231662335137X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/106\/8\/1123\/24052082\/jn1060081123.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T04:21:47Z","timestamp":1686630107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002231662335137X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S002231662335137X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of Type of Dietary Fat, Cholesterol and Chenodeoxycholic Acid on Gallstone Formation, Bile Acid Kinetics and Plasma Lipids in Squirrel Monkeys","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/106.8.1123","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1976 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}