{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:50:40Z","timestamp":1775285440318,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,8,1]],"date-time":"1993-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":744163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,8,1]],"date-time":"1993-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":744163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T03:42:40Z","timestamp":1739331760000},"page":"1370-1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Disturbed Galactose Metabolism in Elderly and Diabetic Humans Is Associated with Cataract Formation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Birlouez-Aragon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Landy","family":"Ravelontseheno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9ryl","family":"Villate-Cathelineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Cathelineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Abitbol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(89)90073-0","article-title":"The non-enzymatic glycosylation of bovine lens proteins by glucosamine and its inhibition by aspirin, ibuprofen and glutathione","volume":"49","author":"Ajiboye","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib2","first-page":"309","article-title":"Aborption du lactose et galactose de differents produits laitiers chez l'homme","volume":"25","author":"Bas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cah. Nutr. Diet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197306072882303","article-title":"Galactokinase deficiency as a cause of cataracts","volume":"288","author":"Beutler","year":"1973","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib4","first-page":"527","article-title":"New rapid method for estimation of red cell galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activity","volume":"72","author":"Beutler","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000175479","article-title":"Riboflavin deficiency and galactose metabolism in human subjects","volume":"16","author":"Bhat","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib6","first-page":"93","article-title":"Does milk have a cataractogenic effect? A weighing for clinical evidence","volume":"17","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688909000025","article-title":"The effects of a 5% and 25% galactose diet on lens polyols, glutathione and protein glycation in male and female pigs","volume":"8","author":"Birlouez-Aragon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib8","first-page":"177","article-title":"Evidence that milk is a risk factor and yogurt has a protective action on idiopathic and diabetes related cataract","volume":"1","author":"Birlouez-Aragon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Age Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib9","first-page":"74","article-title":"Consummation de lactose et activite lactasique: deux facteurs de risque de la cataracte senile et diabetique","volume":"1","author":"Birlouez-Aragon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Age Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(86)90180-0","article-title":"The effect of high glucose and oxidative stress on lens metabolism, aldose reductase, and senile cataractogenesis","volume":"35","author":"Cheng","year":"1986","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(79)90025-3","article-title":"Cortical cataract formation prevented by vitamin E and glutathione","volume":"29","author":"Creighton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib12","first-page":"131","article-title":"Breath hydrogen concentration and plasma glucose, insulin and free acid levels after lactose, milk, fresh or heated yogurt ingestion by healthy young adults with or without lactose malabsorption","volume":"4","author":"Dewit","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)74965-X","article-title":"Preparation from washed blood cells of nitric oxide hemoglobin and sulhemoglobin","volume":"112","author":"Drabkin","year":"1935","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib14","first-page":"58","article-title":"Sweet peril for proteins","author":"Furth","year":"1988","journal-title":"New Scientist (March)"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib15","series-title":"In: Cataracts: Biochemistry, Epidemiology and Pharmacology","first-page":"83","article-title":"The epidemiology of cataract","author":"Harding","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-4505(88)90111-9","article-title":"Antioxidant status in an in vitro model for hyperglycemic lens cataract formation: effect of aldose reductase inhibitor Statil","volume":"40","author":"Hotherstall","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.39.11.1420","article-title":"Autoxidative glycosylation and possible involvement of peroxides and free radicals in LDL modification by glucose","volume":"39","author":"Hunt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib18","first-page":"786","article-title":"Cataracts in galactosemia","volume":"4","author":"Kinoshita","year":"1965","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1950.163.1.70","article-title":"Action of insulin on the permeability of cells to free hexose, as studied by its effect on the distribution of galactose","volume":"163","author":"Levine","year":"1950","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toward a Maillard reaction theory of aging","volume":"304","author":"Monnier","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6632.1313","article-title":"Calculating confidence intervals for relative risks (odds ratios) and standardised ratios and rates","volume":"296","author":"Morris","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. Med. J"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib22","first-page":"115","article-title":"Galactokinase activity in human erythrocytes of individuals at different ages","volume":"66","author":"Ng","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(86)80031-5","article-title":"Microassay for estimation of galactose and galactose-1-phosphate in dried blood specimens","volume":"19","author":"Orfanos","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(87)80011-8","article-title":"Progressive changes in lens crystallin glycation and high-molecular weight aggregate formation leading to cataract development in Streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"44","author":"Perry","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90409-4","article-title":"High frequency of lactose digesters among adults with idiopathic senile and presenile cataract in a population with high prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption","volume":"i","author":"Rinaldi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.4.1142","article-title":"The acceptability of milk and milk products in populations with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance","volume":"48","author":"Scrimshaw","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197710000-00004","article-title":"The activity of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase and galactokinase in human fetal organs","volume":"11","author":"Shin-Buehring","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(77)90379-5","article-title":"A simple assay for galactokinase using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography","volume":"74","author":"Shin-Buehring","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103448","article-title":"Age differences in the intravenous glucose tolerance tests and the response to insulin","volume":"36","author":"Silverstone","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib30","first-page":"82","article-title":"Cataract formation in patients with lactose and galactose disorders","volume":"17","author":"Simonelli","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296925","article-title":"A geographic approach to senile cataracts. Possible links with milk consumption, lactase activity, and galactose metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Simoons","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib32","first-page":"269","article-title":"Presenile cataract formation and decreased activity of galactosemic enzymes","volume":"98","author":"Skalka","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(84)90131-4","article-title":"The autoxi-dation of glyceraldehyde and other simple monosaccharides under physiological conditions catalysed by buffer ions","volume":"797","author":"Thoralley","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/184194b0","article-title":"Formation of polyols by the lens of rats with sugar cataract","volume":"184","author":"Van Heyningen","year":"1959","journal-title":"Nature (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib35","first-page":"163","article-title":"Fructose mediated cross-linking of proteins","volume":"304","author":"Walton","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114843","article-title":"The biosynthetic basis of adult lactase deficiency","volume":"86","author":"Witte","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316623009707?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316623009707?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T11:19:35Z","timestamp":1739359175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316623009707"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316623009707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Disturbed Galactose Metabolism in Elderly and Diabetic Humans Is Associated with Cataract Formation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/123.8.1370","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1993 American Institute of Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}