{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T17:38:51Z","timestamp":1775151531519,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]],"date-time":"1997-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":854755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]],"date-time":"1997-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":854755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9515,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T03:51:21Z","timestamp":1519185081000},"page":"345-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Low Serum Vitamin B-12 Concentrations Are Associated With Faster Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Disease Progression ,"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Tang","family":"Alice M.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Neil M.H.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandra","family":"Ranjit K.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saah","family":"Alfred J.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib1","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Zidovudine-associated adverse reactions in a longitudinal study of asymptomatic HIV-1\u2013infected homosexual males","volume":"4","author":"Baum","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib2","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Association of vitamin B6 status with parameters of immune function in early HIV-1 infection","volume":"4","author":"Baum","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199509000-00010","article-title":"Micronutrients and HIV-1 disease progression","volume":"9","author":"Baum","year":"1995","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199207000-00013","article-title":"Specific nutrient abnormalities in asymptomatic HIV-1 infection","volume":"6","author":"Beach","year":"1992","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530290089016","article-title":"Plasma vitamin B12 level as a potential cofactor in studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - related cognitive changes","volume":"49","author":"Beach","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/35.2.417","article-title":"Single nutrients and immunity","volume":"35","author":"Beisel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (Feb. suppl.)"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib7","series-title":"In: Micronutrients and Immune Functions","first-page":"189","article-title":"Micronutrient status and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection","author":"Bogden","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91279-J","article-title":"Folate, vitamin B12, and HIV infection - letter to the editor","volume":"335","author":"Boudes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1987.tb01152.x","article-title":"Low serum cobalamin levels occur frequently in the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and related disorders","volume":"38","author":"Burkes","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib10","first-page":"1S","article-title":"Revision of CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Centers for Disease Control","volume":"36","year":"1987","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib11","article-title":"Nutrition Immunity and Infection. Mechanisms of Interactions.","author":"Chandra","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib12","article-title":"Practical Nonparametric Statistics, 2nded","author":"Conover","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199312000-00008","article-title":"Micronutrient concentrations in the HIV wasting syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Coodley","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib14","article-title":"Analysis of Survival Data.","author":"Cox","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib15","first-page":"803","article-title":"Vitamin B12 and folate status in human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"47","author":"Dowling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib16","first-page":"397","article-title":"Principles of Nutritional Assessment,","author":"Gibson","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390090091018","article-title":"Vitamin B12 malabsorption in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"149","author":"Harriman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib18","first-page":"594A","article-title":"Vitamin B12, folate and lithium in AIDS","volume":"37","author":"Herbert","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Res."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830330305","article-title":"Synergy of inhibition of DNA synthesis in human bone marrow by azidothymidine plus deficiency of folate and\/or vitamin B12?","volume":"33","author":"Herzlich","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib20","first-page":"1781","article-title":"Decreased intrinsic factor secretion in AIDS: relation to parietal cell acid secretory capacity and vitamin B12 malabsorption","volume":"87","author":"Herzlich","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib21","series-title":"In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease","first-page":"812","article-title":"Nutritional assessment by anthropometric and biochemical methods","author":"Heymsfield","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib22","first-page":"486","article-title":"Long-term stability of pyridoxal phosphate in frozen human plasma","volume":"4","author":"Howard","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/126.2.310","article-title":"The multicenter AIDS cohort study: rationale, organization, and selected characteristics of the participants","volume":"126","author":"Kaslow","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530150082023","article-title":"Abnormal vitamin B12 metabolism in human immunodeficiency virus infection: association with neurological dysfunction","volume":"48","author":"Kieburtz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400050149031","article-title":"Vitamin B12 in early human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection","volume":"151","author":"Mantero-Atienza","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00232-F","article-title":"Stability of blood (pro)vitamins during four years of storage at \u221220 degrees C: consequences for epidemiologic research","volume":"48","author":"Ocke","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1993.tb03109.x","article-title":"Vitamin B-6 and immune competence","volume":"51","author":"Rall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib28","first-page":"84","article-title":"Vitamin B12 transport proteins in patients with HIV-1 infection and AIDS","volume":"78","author":"Remacha","year":"1993","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1991.tb00562.x","article-title":"Vitamin B12 abnormalities in HIV infected patients","volume":"47","author":"Remacha","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00435.x","article-title":"Folic acid absorption in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"230","author":"Revell","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540080018007","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency and nervous system disease in HIV infection","volume":"50","author":"Robertson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830470304","article-title":"Serum vitamin B12 and transcobalamin levels in early HIV disease","volume":"47","author":"Rule","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(89)80069-7","article-title":"Analysis of B-6 vitamers and pyridoxic acid in plasma, tissues and urine using high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"9","author":"Sampson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90792-6","article-title":"Folate deficiency and demyelination in AIDS letter to the editor","volume":"2","author":"Smith","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib35","article-title":"Statistical Methods, 8th ed","author":"Snedecor","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100040488","article-title":"Sensorimotor neuropathy and abnormal vitamin B12 metabolism in early HIV infection","volume":"22","author":"Veilleux","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114780","article-title":"The use of a self-administered questionnaire to assess diet four years in the past","volume":"127","author":"Willett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622073461?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622073461?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/127\/2\/345\/24023622\/345.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T05:49:30Z","timestamp":1758347370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316622073461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316622073461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low Serum Vitamin B-12 Concentrations Are Associated With Faster Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Disease Progression,","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/127.2.345","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1997 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}