{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:14:26Z","timestamp":1790025266729,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7308,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T05:42:55Z","timestamp":1516599775000},"page":"442-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Inadequate Copper Intake Reduces Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Bone Strength in Growing Rats Fed Graded Amounts of Copper and Zinc"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Z. K. (Fariba)","family":"Roughead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Lukaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05463-X","article-title":"Low serum IGF-1 and occurrence of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women","volume":"355","author":"Gamero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canalis (1997) Insulin-like growth factors and osteoporosis. Bone 21: 215\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00150-6"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(90)90054-3","article-title":"Insulin like growth factor I hormonal regulation by growth hormone and by 1,25(OH)2D3 and activity on human osteoblast-like cells in short-term cultures","volume":"11","author":"Chenu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30055-6","article-title":"IGF-I and osteoporosis","volume":"20","author":"Rosen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.1.200","article-title":"Effects of zinc and other nutritional factors on insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in postmenopausal women","volume":"68","author":"Devine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.4.514","article-title":"Zinc supplementation increases growth and circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in growth-retarded Vietnamese children","volume":"63","author":"Ninh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1999.10718861","article-title":"Zinc and IGF-I concentrations in pregnant women with anemia before and after supplementation with iron and\/or zinc","volume":"18","author":"Nishiyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02778066","article-title":"Nutrition and the insulin-like growth factor system","volume":"7","author":"Estivariz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0946-672X(98)80002-3","article-title":"Failure of IGF-I infusion to promote growth in Zn deficient hypophysectomized rats","volume":"12","author":"Cha","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1440449","article-title":"Reduced liver insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression in young zinc-deprived rats is associated with a decrease in liver growth hormone (GH) receptors and serum GH-binding protein","volume":"144","author":"Ninh","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(95)00067-T","article-title":"Zinc modulation of insulin-like growth factor's effect in osteoblastic MC3T3\u2013E1 cells","volume":"16","author":"Matsui","year":"1995","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1993.73.1.79","article-title":"The biochemical basis of zinc physiology","volume":"73","author":"Vallee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-363708-6.50009-6","article-title":"Lysyl oxidase","volume":"8","author":"Siegel","year":"1979","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Connect. Tiss. Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1159\/000177774","article-title":"Impaired mechanical strength of bone in experimental copper deficiency","volume":"37","author":"Jonas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-670X(1997)10:3<197::AID-JTRA7>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Femurs from rats fed diets deficient in copper or iron have decreased mechanical strength and altered mineral composition","volume":"10","author":"Medeiros","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104.20.455","article-title":"A study of the effects of copper deficiency in Scottish blackface lambs on improved hill pasture","volume":"104","author":"Whitelaw","year":"1979","journal-title":"Vet. Rec"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib17","first-page":"209","article-title":"Copper deficiency in humans","volume":"79","author":"Danks","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ciba Found. Symp"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.22.55","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of high dietary zinc on copper absorption in rats","volume":"22","author":"Ogiso","year":"1974","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.4.743","article-title":"Effect of zinc supplementation on copper status in adult man","volume":"40","author":"Fischer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.11.1939","article-title":"AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: Final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet","volume":"123","author":"Reeves","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib21","unstructured":"National Research Council (1985) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Publication No. 85\u201323 (rev.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320913","article-title":"Mechanical properties, bone mineral content, and bone composition (collagen, osteocalcin, IGF-I) of the rat femur: influence of ovariectomy and nandrolone decanoate (anabolic steroid) treatment","volume":"53","author":"Aerssens","year":"1993","journal-title":"Calcif. Tiss. Int"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(66)90262-4","article-title":"A rapid procedure for the estimation of amino sugars on a micro scale","volume":"15","author":"Gatt","year":"1966","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(70)90355-4","article-title":"The determination of hydroxyproline in urine hydrolysates","volume":"27","author":"Bergman","year":"1970","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-1-7","article-title":"The aged rat model of ovarian hormone deficiency bone loss","volume":"124","author":"Kalu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.11.1903","article-title":"Comparison of bone density measurement techniques: DXA and Archimedes' principle","volume":"12","author":"Keenan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.8.1532","article-title":"Variability in skeletal mass, structure, and biomechanical properties among inbred strains of rats","volume":"16","author":"Turner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib28","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc. (1999) SAS\/STAT User\u2019s Guide, Version 8. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib29","first-page":"4257","article-title":"Association between insulin-like growth factor I and bone mineral density in older women and men: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"83","author":"Langlois","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.4.1142","article-title":"Reduced growth and skeletal changes in zinc-deficient growing rats are due to impaired growth plate activity and inanition","volume":"131","author":"Rossi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02778063","article-title":"Skeletal effects of growth hormone and IGF-1 in adults","volume":"7","author":"Marcus","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.4.857","article-title":"Gender, dietary copper and carbohydrate source influence cardiac collagen and lysyl oxidase in weanling rats","volume":"125","author":"Werman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-192-42973","article-title":"The effects of copper deficiency on the pyridinium crosslinks of mature collagen in the rat skeleton and cardiovascular system","volume":"192","author":"Farquharson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02910664","article-title":"Adding zinc reduces bone strength of rats fed a low-calcium diet","volume":"58","author":"Kenney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21333.x","article-title":"Microelement interactions of zinc, copper, and iron in mammalian species","volume":"355","author":"Davis","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/112.4.708","article-title":"Role of copper in collagen cross-linking and its influence on selected mechanical properties of chick bone and tendon","volume":"112","author":"Opsahl","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(79)90142-8","article-title":"Viscoelastic properties of copper deficient chick bone","volume":"12","author":"Riggins","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Biomech"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/105.8.1062","article-title":"Effects of nutritional copper deficiency on the biomechanical properties of bone and arterial elastin metabolism in the chick","volume":"105","author":"Rucker","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Nutr"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002231662215621X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002231662215621X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/133\/2\/442\/24003978\/4w0203000442.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T23:17:12Z","timestamp":1751239032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002231662215621X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S002231662215621X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inadequate Copper Intake Reduces Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Bone Strength in Growing Rats Fed Graded Amounts of Copper and Zinc","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/133.2.442","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}